基于PLC交流变频调速系统的毕业设计..

基于PLC交流变频调速系统的设计2012年5月基于PLC交流变频调速系统的设计DesignofFrequencyFonversionFpeedRegulationSystemBasedonPLCI摘要近年来，随着电力电子技术、计算机技术、自动控制技术的迅速发展，交流传动与控制技术成为目前发展最为迅速的技术之一，电气传动技术面临着一场历史革命，即交流调速取代直流调速和计算机数字控制技术取代模拟控制技术已成为发展趋势。电机交流变频调速技术是当今节电、改善工艺流程以提高产品质量和改善环境、推动技术进步的一种主要手段。变频调速以其优异的调速和起制动性能，高效率、高功率因数和节电效果，广泛的适用范围及其它许多优点而被国内外公认为最有发展前途的调速方式。而PLC控制技术的引入使得调速控制的快速性，稳定性，准确性方面有了不小的改进。因此，应用PLC控制交流变频调速有着较为广阔的发展前景。本文内容介绍了步进电机以及单片机原理、该系统的硬件电路、程序组成，同时对软、硬件进行了调试。该设计具有思路明确、可靠性高、稳定性强等特点，通过调试实现了上述功能。关键词:交流调速系统变频技术异步电动机PLC控制技术IIAbstractInrecentyears,withthedevelopmentofpowerelectronictechnology,computertechnology,automaticcontroltechnologyisdevelopingrapidly,ACdriveandcontroltechnologyhasbecomethemostrapidlydevelopingtechnology,electricdrivetechnologyisfacingahistoricalrevolution,namelytheACspeedregulationtoreplaceDCspeedcontrolandcomputerdigitalcontroltechnologytoreplacetheanalogcontroltechnologyhasbecomethetrendofdevelopment.MotorACvariablefrequencyspeedcontroltechnologyisnowtheelectricitysaving,improvetheprocesstoimproveproductqualityandimprovingtheenvironment,promotingtechnologicalprogressandamainmeans.Withitshighfrequencyconversionspeedandbrakingperformance,highefficiency,highpowerfactorandenergysavingeffect,wideapplicablerangeandmanyotheradvantagesbydomesticgrandpathinkthemostpromisingcontrolmode.WhilethePLCcontroltechnologymakesthespeedcontrolspeed,stability,accuracy,thereisnotasmallimprovement.Therefore,theapplicationofPLCcontrolACdrivehasamorebroadprospectsfordevelopment.Thisarticleintroducedthesteppermotorandtheprincipleofsingle-chipcomputer,thehardwarecircuitofthesystem,theprogramcomponents,whilethesoft,hardwaredebugging.Thedesignhastheadvantagesofclearthinking,highreliability,strongstabilityandothercharacteristics,thefunctionsareachievedthroughdebugging.Keywords:ACvariablespeedcontrolsystemfrequencyconversiontechnologyasynchronousmotorPLCcontroltechnologyIII目录摘要................................................................................................................................I绪论...............................................................................................................................11系统的工作原理.....................................................................................................21.1三相异步电机......................................................................................................21.1.1三相异步电机的结构.......................................................................................21.1.2三相异步电机的工作原理...............................................................................31.2变频器..................................................................................................................31.3控制系统..............................................................................................................41.3.1PLC的工作原理...............................................................................................41.3.2PLC的应用.......................................................................................................52系统控制方案选取.................................................................................................72.1电机的选择..........................................................................................................72.2变频器的选择......................................................................................................72.3PLC的选择..........................................................................................................82.3控制方式的选择..................................................................................................93变频调速系统的设计...........................................................................................103.1软件设计...............................................................................错误!未定义书签。3.1.1S7-200PLC.........................................................................错误!未定义书签。3.1.2MicroMaster420变频器....................................................错误!未定义书签。3.1.3外部电路设计....................................................................错误!未定义书签。3.1.4变频开环调速....................................................................错误!未定义书签。3.1.5数字量方式多段速控制....................................................错误!未定义书签。3.2软件设计.............................................................................错误!未定义书签。3.2.1编程软件............................................................................错误!未定义书签。3.2.2系统程序设计....................................................................错误!未定义书签。4系统抗干扰措施...................................................................................................26IV4.1PLC抗干扰措施................................................................................................264.2软件抗干扰措施................................................................................................26结论.............................................................................................................................27致谢...............................................................