高中英语语法复习--名词性从句

在复合句中起名词作用的从句叫名词性从句(NounClauses)。名词性从句的功能相当于名词或名词词组,它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词性从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。Hisjobisimportant.Whathedoesisimportant.Thisishisjob.Thisiswhathedoeseveryday.{{{Idon’tlikehisjob.Idon’tlikewhathedoeseveryday.Idon’tknowabouttheman,Mr.White.Idon’tknowaboutthefactthatheisateacher.{名词性从句三要素•引导词•从句的语序•从句的时态1Thathewillsucceediscertain.2Whetherhewillgothereisnotknown.3Whathesaidisnottrue.4Wherehehidthemoneyistobefoundout.5Whoevercomesiswelcome.6Howwecanhelpthetwinswillbediscussedatthemeeting.7Whenthey’llstarttheprojecthasnotbeendecidedyet.为避免主语冗长,句子头重脚轻,经常用it作形式主语,主语从句放在后面作真正的主语。1.Itiscertainthathewillsucceed.2.Itisnotknownwhetherhewillgothere.3.Ithasnotbeendecidedyetwhenthey’llstarttheproject.形式主语it1.他犯了那样一个错误真是遗憾。___________________________isapity.2.他来不来不重要。__________________________doesn’tmatter.Itdoesn’tmatterwhether…ThathemadesuchamistakeItisapitythat…Whetherhewillcomeornotthat引导主语从句时，可用it充当形式主语，that不能省略。1.It+系动词+形容词+that……2.It+be+名词+that……3.It+be+过去分词+that……4.It+特殊动词+that……1.It’slikely/possible/important/necessary/clearthat…很可能/重要的是……/必要的是……/很清楚……2.It’ssaid/reportedthat…据说/据报道……3.Itseems/appears/happensthat…似乎/好像/碰巧......4.It’sbeenannounced/declaredthat…已经通知/宣布……5.It’snowonderthat…并不奇怪/无疑……6.It’sapity/afact/commonknowledge(众所周知)/acommonsaying(俗话说)that…Itissaidthattheprofessorhasalreadysucceededincarryingouttheexperiment.据说这位教授已经成功完成了这个实验。ItiscertainthatmostoftheSenior3studentswishtobeadmittedtocollege.很明显大多数的高三学生希望能被大学录取。IthappenedthatIhadbeenawaywhenhecalled.他打电话来时，我恰好不在。“Itisnecessary/important/natural/strange…+that从句”和“Itissuggested/advised/ordered/requested/required/insisted+that从句”Itishightimethatsbshoulddosth从句的谓语常用shoulddo形式。1王悦的死亡使人们意识到该是时候不再冷漠了。人与人的互相关爱是很重要的。(整合成一个句子)(构建和谐社会与精神文明)WangYue’sdeathmakespeoplerealizethatitishightimethatpeopleshouldstopthecoldnessandthatitisimportantthatpeopleshouldcareabouteachother.1.Theyknowthatthehabitwillkillthem.2.Italldependsonwhethertheywillsupportus.3.HeaskedhowmuchIpaidfortheviolin.4.Hemadeitcleartothepublicthathedidanimportantandnecessaryjob.5.Ifinditnecessarythatweshoulddothehomework.分析句子，判断该句子中含有什么类型的从句。宾语从句在句中充当宾语成分(可以作谓语动词、介词、不定式等非谓语动词的宾语)that,whether,ifwho,what,which,whoever,whatever,when,where,why,how当whether后紧跟or/ornot时,不用if.Idon’tknowwhetherIwillstayornot.介词后面的宾语从句不能用if.IworryaboutwhetherIhurtherfeelings.1.whether和if都可以引导宾语从句在主+谓+it(形式宾语)+宾补+that从句(真正宾语)的句型中不省略Wemustmakeitclearthatwemeanwhatwesay.由连词and连接的两个由that引导的宾语从句中,第二个that不省略。Hetoldme(that)hewouldcomeandthathewouldcomeontime.2.that在宾语从句中(2)it指代后面从句所叙述的内容，常用于这些动词后,like/dislike/love/hate/appreciate/make…后常跟if或when从句@it作形式宾语(1)make/find/feel/consider/thinkit+adj/n+that…/todo…Ihateitwhenpeoplelaughatthedisabled.1.他发现很难使别人理解他.2.我认为我们保持冷静很重要.3他发现学一门外语很有必要。Hefounditdifficulttomakehimselfunderstood.Ithinkitimportantthatweshouldkeepcalm.Hefounditnecessarythatheshouldlearnaforeignlanguage.1.Thequestioniswhetherwecanrelyonhim.2.That’sbecausewewereinneedofmoneyatthattime.3.Helookedasifhewasgoingtocry.4.That’swhyIwaslate.分析句子，判断该句子中含有什么类型的从句。表语从句:在句中充当表语成分，一般放在系动词之后。作用:对主语进行解释说明。when/where/why/how/becausethat/whether/asif/asthough(if不引导表语从句)who/whom/whose/which/what常用句型•Thatiswhy/because….•Thereasonwhy…isthat…•他经常撒谎，我们不能相信他。•Heoftentellsliesandthatiswhywecan’ttrusthim.•Wecan’ttrusthimandthatisbecauseheoftentellslies.•Thereasonwhywecan’ttrusthimisthatheoftentellslies.•他所给的迟到的理由是他遇到了交通阻塞。•Thereasonthathegaveforbeinglateisthathewascaughtinthetrafficjam.1.Thereason_____hewaslateforschoolwas_____hegotuplate．2.Thereason____hegaveforhisabsencewas______hewasill.reason后面的表语从句只能用that引导,不能用why引导,但reason后面的定语从句可以用why或者that引导。特别注意whythatthatthat同位语从句在句中充当同位语成分，其一般跟在一些抽象名词(idea;belief;fact;truth;problem;news等)后面，对名词作进一步解释说明。同位语从句常用that引导或用连接副词when/where/why/how/whether1.TwothirdsofallgirlsinBritainareonadiet./Thefactworriestheirparentsandteachersalot.2.TheQueenofEnglandwasonathree-dayvisitinChina./Weheardthenewslastnight._______________________________________________Thefactthattwothirdsofallgirlsareonadietworriestheirparentsandteachersalot._____________________________________________________________WeheardthenewslastnightthattheQueenofEnglandwasonathree-dayvisitinChina.4.Chinesestudentsshouldbegivenmorefreetime./Thesuggestioniswelcomedbymanypeople,especiallykidsinschool.3.Teenagersshouldnotspendtoomuchtimeonline./ManyBritishparentsholdtheview.________ManyBritishparentsholdtheviewthatteenagersshouldn’tspendtoomuchtimeonline.____________________________________________________________ThesuggestionthatChinesestudentsshouldbegivenmorefreetimeiswelcomedbymanypeople,especiallykidsinschool.1.同位语从句的格式：2.能接同位语从句的名词有：3.连接词通常是that,也可根据含义选用n.+连接词+从句fact,idea,news,order,belief,suggestion,advice,information等whether,what,when,where等来引导同位语从句。1.Ihavenoidea_______hecomesfrom.2.Hecan’tanswerthequestion_____hegotthemoney.3.Hegaveusmanysuggestions_______weshouldgetupearlierandtakemoreexercise.4.Ihavenodoubt______hewillwin.5.Ihavesomedoubt________hewillwin.wherehowthatthatwhether1.定语从句是先行词的修饰语,它不涉