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连词和状语从句一、连词1.并列连词(1)表示联合关系的并列连词:and(和),both...and...(既……又……),neither...nor(既不……也不……)。NeitherInorhehasseenthefilm.(2)表示转折关系的并列连词:but,while(而,然而),whereas(而),nevertheless。Heisshort,whilehisbrotheristall.(3)表示选择关系的并列连词:or(或),orelse(否则),otherwise(要不然),either...or...(或……或……)。Youcaneitherstayathomeorgofishing.(4)表示因果关系的并列连词:so(所以),for(因为)。Itismorning,forthebirdsaresinging.注意:then(那么,因而),thus(因而),therefore(因此,所以)等副词常可放在句首表示因果关系。Hewasbusy,thereforehecouldnotcome.2.从属连词(1)引导名词性从句的从属连词引导名词性从句的从属连词有连接词:that,whether和if,这些连接词在句中不充当任何句子成分;连接代词主要有:who,whom,whose,which,what等,它们在句中可作主语、宾语、定语等;连接副词主要有:when,where,how,why等,它们在句中可作状语。Weknow(that)theearthgoesroundthesun.Whatweneedismoretime.That’swhatIwant.(2)引导状语从句的从属连词在句中作状语的从句叫状语从句,也叫副词性从句。它修饰谓语、非谓语动词、状语或整个句子。状语从句由从属连词引导,可表示时间、地点、条件、原因、结果、目的、让步、比较、方式等。二、状语从句1.时间状语从句(1)before引导的从句中不用否定式谓语。常用如下句型:Itislongbefore...(过了好久才……)Itisnotlongbefore...(过了不久就……)(2)since后面所用动词不同,该动词所表示动作持续时间的计算方法也不同。since+瞬间动词过去式(从该动作发生时算起)since+持续性动词过去式(从动作结束时算起)Itistwoyearssincehejoinedthearmy.Itistwoyearssincehesmoked.2.原因状语从句在表示原因时,because语气最重,其次是as,since,nowthat,故在回答why问句或者在强调句对原因进行强调时,只能用because。for是并列连词,表示推测的理由或者进一步说明,不能放在句首,for前要用逗号。—Whywereyouabsent?—BecauseIwasill.3.目的状语从句(1)sothat/inorderthat引导的目的状语从句中的谓语动词多用can/could/may/might/will/would+动词。PleaseturnoffthelightsothatIcangotosleep.(2)forfearthat,incase,lest表示“以防,免得”。Heisworkinghardforfearthatheshouldfail.4.条件状语从句(1)providing/provided(that)假如,假若Providing(that)noonehasfurtherquestions,themeetingwillbeover.(2)ontheunderstandingthat=onconditionthat在……条件下Igiveyoumoneyontheunderstandingthatyoufinishyourhomework.5.结果状语从句注意such引导的结果状语从句与定语从句的区别。试比较:Thisissuchaninterestingbookthateveryonelikestoreadit.Thisissuchaninterestingbookaseveryonelikestoread.6.目的状语从句与结果状语从句的区别inorderthat可放在句首,只能引导目的状语从句;sothat引导目的或结果状语从句,不能放在句首。试比较:Hespokesoslowlythatweallfollowedhim.(结果状语从句)=Hespokeslowly,soweallfollowedhim.Hespokeslowlyso(inorder)thatwecouldallunderstandhim.(目的状语从句)7.让步状语从句(1)as引导让步状语从句,作“尽管”解,用倒装句,语序为:状语/宾语/表语/动词原形+as+主语+谓语……。如果句首是单数可数名词作表语,名词前无冠词。Cleverasyoumaybe,youcan’tdothat.Cleverboyasheis,hecan’tsolvetheproblem.(2)while有时引导让步状语从句,作“尽管”、“虽然”讲,多用于句首。WhileIadmittheproblemsaredifficult,Idon’tagreethatIcan’tsolvethem.8.地点状语从句多由where和wherever引导。Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.9.方式状语从句方式状语从句常由as(按照),justas(正像),asif=asthough(仿佛,好像;从句可用虚拟语气)等引导。Ichangedmymindasyousuggested.感悟高考1.Thegirlhadhardlyrungthebellthedoorwasopenedsuddenly,andherfriendrushedouttogreether.(2010·福建,26)A.beforeB.untilC.asD.since解析句意为:这个女孩刚一按门铃,门就突然开了,她的朋友冲出去迎接她。before在……之前,还没有……;until直到……才;as当……时候;since自从……以来。根据句意选A项。题干中hardly...before...为一固定句式,意思是“刚……就……”,相当于hardly...when...。A2.ourmanagerobjectstoTom’sjoiningtheclub,weshallaccepthimasamember.(2010·上海,39)A.UntilB.UnlessC.IfD.After解析由句意“除非我们经理反对Tom加入俱乐部,不然我们都应接受他成为其中一员。”可知答案。B3.TheoldmanaskedLucytomovetoanotherchairhewantedtositnexttohiswife.(2010·辽宁,29)A.althoughB.unlessC.becauseD.if解析句意为:那位老者要求露西坐另一把椅子,因为他想与妻子紧挨着坐在一起。although虽然,尽管;unless除非;because因为;if如果。由句意知选C。C4.—It’snousehavingideasonly.—Don’tworry.Petercanshowyoutoturnanideaintoanact.(2010·辽宁,34)A.howB.whoC.whatD.where解析句意为:——光有想法是没用的。——不用担心,彼得会告诉你如何将想法转变为行动。how如何,怎样;who谁;what什么;where哪儿。showyou后面是由“疑问词+不定式”结构充当宾语,由句意知此处应为“如何……”,故选A,其余三项不符合题意。A5.Itjustisn’tfair;Iwasworkingasawaiterlastmonth,myfriendswerelyingonthebeach.(2009·辽宁,30)A.wheneverB.thoughC.forD.while解析句意为:这真不公平。上个月当我在做服务员的时候,我的朋友们正躺在沙滩上。表示“与此同时”用while,引导时间状语从句。D领悟语法Ⅰ.用适当的连词填空1.MumturneddownmysuggestionDadwasinfavorofmyidea.2.—WillyougotoMary’sbirthdayparty?—No.invited,Ican’tgo.I’llbetoobusythen.3.—Doyouthinktheweatherwillbeallrightthissummer?—No,we’relucky.Thenewspapersaysit’llbeveryhotanyway.4.Thechiefreasonforthepopulationgrowthisn’tsomuchariseinbirthratesafallindeathratesasaresultofimprovementsinmedicalcare.whileEvenifunlessbut5.Tenminutesearlier,wecouldhavecaughttheearlybus.6.Youhavefailedtwotests.You’dbetterstartworkingharder,youwon’tpassthecourse.7.Tomoftenhastobecalledseveraltimeshecomesdownstairsfordinner.8.IfailedinEnglishathirdtime,Ihadnodoubtaboutmygiftforforeignlanguages.andorbeforeUntilⅡ.单项填空1.Itisknowntoallthatyouexerciseregularly,youwon’tkeepgoodhealth.A.unlessB.wheneverC.althoughD.if解析根据句意,前一句应该是后一句内容产生的条件,A、D两项均表条件,但如果选D,与常识不符,故选择A。A2.—Didyourbossphoneyouagainthenextday?—No,itwasafortnighthegavemeasecondcall.A.thatB.beforeC.whenD.since解析根据句意,hegavemeasecondcall应该发生在itwasafortnight前,故选择B。B3.—Whywereyouabsentyesterday?—Icaughtacold,Ihadbeenwalkingaroundintherain.A.butB.soC.andD.for解析空格所在的句子是对前一句话的补充说明,故选择D。D4.Children’sbrainscan’tdevelopproperlytheylackprotein.A.whenB.sinceC.becauseD.unless解析when在此意为“如果,要是”。A5.Icouldexpressmythankstothetraveler,hehadalreadydisappearedintherain.A.BeforeB.WhenC.UntilD.While解析由句子的时态可知,express应该发生在disappear之后。A6.Itisseveralmonthsthewholecountrystartedtotalkaboutwhetherdrivingafterdrinkingalcoholshouldbepunished.A.beforeB.untilC.sinceD.after解析Itis+时间段+since...表示“自……以来多久了”。C7.Howcantheylearnsomuchtheyspendsuchalotoftimehangingabout?A.althoughB.whenC.beforeD.until解析when意为“既然”。B8.LiYa
本文标题:连词和状语从句
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