年产55万吨氧化铝溶出车间设计

安徽工业大学毕业设计(论文)任务书课题名称年产55万吨氧化铝溶出车间设计学院冶金与资源学院专业班级冶金095班姓名LEE学号0990140011、通过文献调研，了解国内外氧化铝生产产业现状及技术现状；2、深刻认识氧化铝生产关键工序-溶出过程的主要工艺技术及参数；3、溶出工艺的选择及论证，主要参数的选择论证；4、溶出过程物料平衡计算、热平衡计算，及技术经济分析；5、主要溶出设备的选型；6、绘制三张A1图，包括主体设备图、车间配置图（平面立面图）、工艺流程图；7、编写设计说明书一份。安徽工业大学毕业设计（论文）说明书I┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊装┊┊┊┊┊订┊┊┊┊┊线┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊摘要铝在自然界中的分布十分广泛，地壳中的铝含量约占8%，仅次于氧和硅，居第三位；在各种金属元素中，铝居首位。自从十九世纪末冰晶石-氧化铝融盐电解法问世以来，全世界的原铝产量呈逐年递增的趋势。当今世界上铝的工业生产仍然采用这这种电解的方法，而且估计在今后相当长的一段时间内仍很难被其他方法所取代。而几乎所有的铝都是依靠电解氧化铝制得的，生产的氧化铝亦有90%以上是用于电解炼铝。由此可见氧化铝生产的重要性。氧化铝的工业生产方法大体有酸法、碱法、酸碱联合法和热法。在工业上得到广泛应用的是碱法。碱法主要可以分为拜耳法、烧结法和拜耳烧结联合法，针对不同的原料成分可以选取不同的工艺流程。拜耳法的主要工序有：铝土矿溶出，铝酸钠溶液分解和氢氧化铝煅烧。本文介绍了近年来国内外氧化铝的生产状况和主要生产方法，通过物料平衡计算、热量平衡计算及溶出车间主要设备的选择三个部分的计算过程最终设计出了一个年产55万吨氧化铝的溶出车间。物料衡算部分主要包括：氧化铝总回收率、原矿浆制备、高压溶出、矿浆稀释、赤泥的分离与洗涤、种分母液的蒸发和氢氧化铝的焙烧。热量衡算部分以自蒸发水量和矿浆通过预热器及自蒸发器时逐级改变的温差两个量为主线，导出了溶出车间的热量计算。在主要设备的选择与计算一章中，着重介绍并设计了溶出器、预热器、自蒸发器等七个主体设备。本文的最后对全厂的环境污染和治理进行了讨论，并就工程经济方面进行了阐述。关键词：氧化铝，拜耳法，溶出车间设计安徽工业大学毕业设计（论文）说明书II┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊装┊┊┊┊┊订┊┊┊┊┊线┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊ABSTRACTAluminumiswidelydistributedinnature.Thecontentofaluminumintheearthisabout8%,whichisonlyafteroxygenandsilicon.Thecontentofaluminumisinthefirstplaceinelementsofmetals.Afterthecryolite-aluminumsaltelectrolysismethod’sappearancesincethelatenineteenthcentury,theworld’sprimaryaluminumproductionhasbeenanincreasingtrend.Theelectrolyticprocessisstillusedinindustrialproductionofaluminumaroundtheworld,andtheprocessisestimatedtobedifficulttobereplacedbyothermethodsforalongperiodoftime.Andalmostallaluminumreliesonelectrolysisofalumina;morethan90%ofaluminaproductionisusedforElectrolyticaluminum.Thisshowstheimportanceofaluminaproduction.Themainprocessesofaluminaindustrialproductiongenerallyhaveacid,alkaline,acid-basejointandthermal.ThemostwidelyusedinindustryisalkalineprocesswhichcanbedividedintoBayer,sintering,Bayer-sinteringcombined,andwecouldselectoneofthosefordifferentingredientsofmaterial.Bayer’smainprocessesare:dissolutionofbauxite,decompositionofaluminatesolutionandcalcinationofaluminumhydroxide.Thispaperdescribesthestatusoftheproductionofaluminahomeandabroadinrecentyearsandthemainproductionmethods.Thedesignofadissolutionworkshopofanannualoutputof550000tonsofaluminaisdonebythecalculationprocessofmaterialbalance,heatbalanceandtheselectionofdeviceparameters.Thepartofmaterialbalancemainlyincludes:thegrossrecoveryofalumina,thepreparationofpulp,pressuredigestion,thedilutionofpulp,theisolationandabstersionofredmud,theevaporationofthepregnantliquorfromseedprecipitationandthecalcinationofaluminiumhydroxide.Thepartofheatbalancemainlyintroducesthecalculationofthemassofwaterself-evaporatedandthetemperaturedifferencewhichismadebyeachlevelduringthepulpflowsthroughthepreheatersandself-evaporatingdrivers.Thenwecometotheheatbalanceoftheentiredissolutionworkshop.Thepartofthecalculationandselectionofmaindevicemainlyintroducessevenkindsofequipmentssuchasdigester,preheater,self-evaporater,etc.Finally,thewholeplantandcontrolofenvironmentalpollutionarediscussed,andtheeconomicaspectsoftheprojectareelaborated.Keywords:Alumina,Bayerprocess,designofdissolutionworkshop安徽工业大学毕业设计（论文）说明书III┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊装┊┊┊┊┊订┊┊┊┊┊线┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊目录摘要···································································································IABSTRACT···························································································II1绪论···································································································11.1氧化铝工业生产概况·········································································11.1.1世界各国现代氧化铝生产概况························································11.1.2我国氧化铝生产概况····································································11.2铝土矿···························································································21.3氧化铝的性质··················································································31.3.1氧化铝的物理性质·······································································31.3.2氧化铝的化学性质·······································································31.4铝酸钠溶液·····················································································41.5氧化铝生产方法概述·········································································41.5.1拜耳法······················································································51.5.2碱石灰烧结法·············································································71.5.3拜耳―烧结联合法·······································································81.5.4其它生产氧化铝方法··································································131.6氧化铝工业生产发展趋势·································································201.6.1世界各国氧化铝工业生产发展趋势················································201.6.2我国氧化铝工业生产及工艺发展趋势·············································202氧化铝厂厂址的选择············································································212.1厂址选择的意义和方法····································································212.2厂址选择的原则及指标···········································