驱动桥和差速器外文文献翻译

1、1JGHardt，DWSheaDriveaxle/differentialAllvehicleshavesometypeofdriveaxle/differentialassemblyincorporatedintothedriveline.Whetheritisfront,rearorfourwheeldrive,differentialsarenecessaryforthesmoothapplicationofenginepowertotheroad.PowerflowThedriveaxlemusttransmitpowerthrougha90°angle.Theflowofpowerinconventionalfrontengine/rearwheeldrivevehiclesmovesfromtheenginetothedriveaxleinapproximatelyastraightline.However,atthedriveaxle,thepowermustbeturnedatrightangles(fromthelineofthedriveshaft)anddire。

2、ctedtothedrivewheels.Thisisaccomplishedbyapiniondrivegear,whichturnsacircularringgear.Theringgearisattachedtoadifferentialhousing,containingasetofsmallergearsthataresplinedtotheinnerendofeachaxleshaft.Asthehousingisrotated,theinternaldifferentialgearsturntheaxleshafts,whicharealsoattachedtothedrivewheels.2Fig1DriveaxleRear-wheeldriveRear-wheel-drivevehiclesaremostlytrucks,verylargesedansandmanysportscarandcoupemodels.Thetypicalrearwheeldrivevehicleusesafrontmountedengineandtransmissionassemblies。

3、withadriveshaftcouplingthetransmissiontothereardriveaxle.Driveinthroughthelayoutofthebridge,thebridgedriveshaftarrangedverticallyinthesameverticalplane,andnotthedriveaxleshaft,respectively,intheirownsub-actuatorwithadirectconnection,buttheactuatorislocatedatthefrontorthebackoftheadjacentshaftofthetwobridgesisarrangedinseries.Vehiclebeforeandafterthetwoendsofthedrivingforceofthedriveaxle,isthesub-actuatorandthetransmissionthroughthemiddleofthebridge.Theadvantageisnotonlyareductionofthenumberofdri。

4、veshaft,andraisethedrivingaxleofthecommonpartsofeachother,andtosimplifythestructure,reducesthevolumeandquality.3Fig2Rear-wheel-driveaxleSomevehiclesdonotfollowthistypicalexample.SuchastheolderPorscheorVolkswagenvehicleswhichwererearengine,reardrive.Thesevehiclesusearearmountedtransaxlewithhalfshaftsconnectedtothedrivewheels.Also,somevehicleswereproducedwithafrontengine,reartransaxlesetupwithadriveshaftconnectingtheenginetothetransaxle,andhalfshaftslinkingthetransaxletothedrivewheels.Differential。

5、operationInordertoremovethewheelaroundinthekinematicsduetothelackofco-ordinationaboutthewheeldiameterarisingfromadifferentorthesamerollingradiusofwheeltravelrequired,inter-wheelmotorvehiclesareequippedwithaboutdifferential,thelattertoensurethatthecardriverBridgeonbothsidesofthewheelwheninrangewithatriptothecharacteristicsofrotatingatdifferentspeedstomeettherequirementsofthevehiclekinematics.4Fig3PrincipleofdifferentialTheaccompanyingillustrationhasbeenprovidedtohelpunderstandhowthisoccurs.1.Thed。

6、rivepinion,whichisturnedbythedriveshaft,turnstheringgear.2.Theringgear,whichisattachedtothedifferentialcase,turnsthecase.3.Thepinionshaft,locatedinaboreinthedifferentialcase,isatrightanglestotheaxleshaftsandturnswiththecase.4.Thedifferentialpinion(drive)gearsaremountedonthepinionshaftandrotatewiththeshaft.5.Differentialsidegears(drivengears)aremeshedwiththepiniongearsandturnwiththedifferentialhousingandringgearasaunit.6.Thesidegearsaresplinedtotheinnerendsoftheaxleshaftsandrotatetheshaftsastheho。

7、usingturns.57.Whenbothwheelshaveequaltraction,thepiniongearsdonotrotateonthepinionshaft,sincetheinputforceofthepiniongearsisdividedequallybetweenthetwosidegears.8.Whenitisnecessarytoturnacorner,thedifferentialgearingbecomeseffectiveandallowstheaxleshaftstorotateatdifferentspeeds.Open-wheeldifferentialoneachgeneralusethesameamountoftorque.Todeterminethesizeofthewheeltorquetobeartwofactors:equipmentandfriction.Indryconditions,whenalotoffriction,thewheelbearingtorquebyenginesizeandgearrestrictionsa。

8、rehoursinthefriction(suchasdrivingonice),isrestrictedtoamaximumtorque,sothatvehicleswillnotspinround.Soevenifthecarcanproducemoretorque,butalsoneedtohavesufficienttractiontotransfertorquetotheground.Ifyouincreasethethrottleafterthewheelsslip,itwillonlymakethewheelsspinfaster.Fig4ConventionaldifferentialLimited-slipandlockingdifferentialoperation6Fig5Limited-slipdifferentialDifferentialsettlementofacarintheunevenroadsurfaceandsteeringwheel-drivenspeedataboutthedifferentrequirements;butisfollowedb。

9、ytheexistenceofdifferentialinthesidecarwheelskidcannotbeeffectivewhenthepowertransmission,thatis,thewheelslipcannotproducethedrivingforce,ratherthanspinthewheelanddoesnothaveenoughtorque.Goodnon-slipdifferentialsettlementofthecarwheelsskidonthesideofthepowertransmissionwhentheissue,thatis,lockingdifferential,sothatnolongerserveausefuldifferentialrightandleftsidesofthewheelcanbethesametorque.Limited-slipandlockingdifferentialoperationcanbedividedintotwomajorcategories：(1)mandatorylockingtypeinord。

10、inarydifferentiallockingenforcementagenciestoincrease,whenthesideofthewheelskidoccurs,thedrivercanbeelectric,pneumaticormechanicalmeanstomanipulatethelockingbodymeshingsetsofDIPShellwillbewiththeaxledifferentiallockintoone,thusthetemporarylossofdifferentialrole.Relativelysimplestructureinthisway,butitmustbeoperatedbythedriver,andgoodroadstostoplockingandrestoretheroleofdifferential.(2)self-lockingdifferentialinstalledintheoilviscosityorfrictionclutchcoupling,whenthesideofthewheelskidoccurswhenbot。