参考文献格式apa6

References/BibliographyAPABasedonthe“PublicationManualoftheAmericanPsychologicalAssociation”6thedition.The“APAstyle”isanauthor-datestyleforcitingandreferencinginformationinassignmentsandpublications.ThisguideisbasedontheAmericanPsychologicalAssociation’sPublicationManual,6thedition(2010).Note:Beforeyouwriteyourlistofreferences,checkwithyourlecturerortutorforthebibliographicstylepreferredbytheSchool.TheremaybedifferencesinthestylerecommendedbytheSchool.Whatisreferencing?Referencingisastandardisedwayofacknowledgingthesourcesofinformationandideasthatyouhaveusedinyourassignments.Thisallowsthesourcestobeidentified.Whyreference?Referencingisimportanttoavoidplagiarism,toverifyquotationsandtoenablereaderstoidentifyandfollowupworksyouhavereferredto.Stepsinreferencing•Recordthefullbibliographicdetailsandrelevantpagenumbersofthesourcefromwhichinformationistaken.•NotetheDOI(digitalobjectidentifier),ifpresent.WhenaDOIisused,donotprovidetheURLordateofretrieval.•Insertthecitationattheappropriateplaceinthetextofyourdocument.•Includeareferencelistthatincludesallin-textcitationsattheendofyourdocument.In-textcitations•Inanauthor-datestyle,in-textcitationsusuallyrequirethenameoftheauthor(s)andtheyearofpublication.•Apagenumberisincludedifyouhaveadirectquote.Whenyouparaphraseapassage,orrefertoanideacontainedinanotherwork,providingapagenumberisnotrequired,butisencouraged,especiallyifyouarereferringtoalongworkandthepagenumbersmightbeusefultothereader.Howtocreateareferencelist/bibliography•Areferencelistincludesjustthebooks,articles,andwebpagesetcthatarecitedinthetextofthedocument.Abibliographyincludesallsourcesconsultedforbackgroundreading.•Areferencelistisarrangedalphabeticallybyauthor.Ifanitemhasnoauthor,itiscitedbytitle,andincludedinthealphabeticallistusingthefirstsignificantwordofthetitle.•Ifyouhavemorethanoneitemwiththesameauthor,listtheitemschronologically,startingwiththeearliestpublication.•Eachreferenceappearsonanewline.•Eachiteminthereferencelistisrequiredtohaveahangingindent.•Referencesshouldnotbenumbered.ReferencingSoftwareTheUniversityofQueenslandLibraryprovidesaccesstoEndNoteandRefWorkssoftware,whichassistincreatingreferencelists.AnAPA6thstyleisprovidedintheEndnoteX4software.(22/11/2011)2APA6thEditionBookElementsofthecitationAuthor(s)ofbook–familynameandinitials,use&formultipleauthors.(Yearofpublication).Titleofbook–italicised.Placeofpublication:Publisher.ReferencetypeIn-textexamplesReferencelistexampleEndNotereferencetypeOneauthorSophisticatedsearchingtechniquesareimportantinfindinginformation(Berkman,1994)ORBerkman(1994)claimedthat…Berkman,R.I.(1994).Finditfast:Howtouncoverexpertinformation.NewYork,NY:HarperPerrenial.BookTwoauthorsItisfutiletomaintainthatthesexesareinterchangeable(Moir&Jessel,1991)ORMoirandJessel(1991)foundstudents…Alwayslisttheauthorsintheorderinwhichtheyappearinthepublication.Citebothauthorsforeachuseofreference.Moir,A.,&Jessel,D.(1991).Brainsex:Therealdifferencebetweenmenandwomen.London:Mandarin.BookThreetofiveauthors(O’Keefe,Bell,&Wyne,2009)(O’Keefeetal.,2009)O'Keefe,J.H.,Bell,D.S.H.,&Wyne,K.L.(2009).Diabetesessentials.Sudbury,MA:JonesandBartlettPublishers.Book3O’Keefe,Bell,andWynearguethat….(2009)Citeallauthorsthefirsttimethereferenceappears;forallsubsequentuses,citelastnameoffirstauthorfollowedby“etal.”SixormoreauthorsJohnsonetal.(2005)argue…ORItwasarguedthat…(Johnsonetal.,2005)Citejustthelastnameofthefirstauthorfollowedby“etal.”andyearforthefirstandallothercitationsJohnson,L.,Lewis,K.,Peters,M.,Harris,Y.,Moreton,G.,Morgan,B.,...Smith,P.(2005).Howfarisfar?London:McMillan.Whenareferencehasuptosevenauthors,includeallauthors’namesinthereferencelist.Whenaworkhaseightormoreauthors,citethelastnames&initialsofthefirstsixauthorsthenfollowwithacommaandthreespacedellipsispoints(...),thenthelastauthor’sname.BookNoauthorManagementisdefinedas(CCHMacquarieDictionary,1993)ORCCHMacquarieDictionary(1993)defines…Citeinthetextthefirstfewwordsofthetitleandtheyear.TheCCHMacquariedictionaryofbusiness.(1993).NorthRyde,NSW:CCHAustralia.BookAuthorIdentifiedAsAnonymous(Anonymous,1996)Useonlyifauthorisspecificallynamedas“Anonymous”Anonymous.(1996).Primarycolors:Anovelofpolitics.NewYork,NY:RandomHouse.BookAuthorsWithSameLastName(J.P.Lewis,2007)J.P.Lewisarguesthat….(2007)(R.Lewis,2007)R.Lewisstatedthat…(2007)Includefirstauthor’sinitialsinallcitations.Lewis,J.P.(2007).Fundamentalsofprojectmanagement.NewYork,NY:AmericanManagementAssociation.Lewis,R.(2007).Humangenetics:conceptsandapplications.Boston,MA:McGraw-HillHigherEducation.Book4Multipleworksbythesameauthor…geologyofQueensland’snationalparks(Willmott,2004,2006).Willmott,W.F.(2004).RocksandlandscapesofthenationalparksofSouthernQueensland.Brisbane:GeologicalSocietyofAustralia,QueenslandDivision.Willmott,W.F.(2006).RocksandlandscapesofthenationalparksofCentralQueensland.Brisbane:GeologicalSocietyofAustralia,QueenslandDivision.OrderchronologicallyfromearliestinthereferencelistBookMultipleworksbythesameauthor,publishedinthesameyear(Dawkins,1996a,1996b)Dawkins,R.(1996a).Clim