英汉翻译-文学翻译

LiteraryTranslationShanghaiJiaoTongUniversityI.AestheticProgressioninLiteraryTranslationTraditionalapproaches1）translationasanactivityconcerningonlyinterlingualtransfer2）onlythreerequirementsfortranslatorstoperformtheirjobsuccessfully:a)familiaritywiththesourcelanguage,b)familiaritywiththetargetlanguage,andc)familiaritywiththesubjectmatterShanghaiJiaoTongUniversityI.AestheticProgressioninLiteraryTranslationAestheticapproachTheprocessofliterarytranslationisaestheticprogressionbetweentwodifferentlanguagesandculturesachievedthroughthetranslator’sactualizationoftheoriginalimage.ShanghaiJiaoTongUniversityI.AestheticProgressioninLiteraryTranslationTworeasonsforusingprogressioninsteadofprocess1)Aliterarytextcharacterizedbypoeticuseoflanguage–languageinherentlycapableofmultipleinterpretations–cannotbeassignedasingle“correct”translation2)“Formisnotapropertyofafinishedproduct;itneverachievesastateoffixitybutexistsascontinuouslychangingprocesses”Theactofimage-actualizationisacumulativeprocessShanghaiJiaoTongUniversityI.AestheticProgressioninLiteraryTranslation1.AestheticProgressionandImage-ActualizationTheaestheticqualitiesarenotgivenasready-made,butneedtobeactualizedintheinteractionwiththetranslator.ShanghaiJiaoTongUniversityI.AestheticProgressioninLiteraryTranslationExampleInhereagernesssheroseandsupportedherselfonthearmofthechair.Atthatearnestappealheturnedtoher,lookingabsolutelydesperate.Hiseyes,wideandwet,atlastflashedfiercelyonher;hisbreastheavedconvulsively.Aninstanttheyheldasunder,andthenhowtheymetIhardlysaw,butCatherinemadeaspring,andhecaughther,andtheywerelockedinanembracefromwhichIthoughtmymistresswouldneverbereleasedalive:infact,tomyeyes,sheseemeddirectlyinsensible.Heflunghimselfintothenearestseat,andonmyapproachinghurriedlytoascertainifshehadfainted,hegnashedatme,andfoamedlikeamaddog,andgatheredhertohimwithgreedyjealousy.IdidnotfeelasifIwereinthecompanyofacreatureofmyownspecies:itappearedthathewouldnotunderstand,thoughIspoketohim;soIstoodoff,andheldmytongue,ingreatperplexity.(EmilyBronte:WutheringHeights,ChapterXV)ShanghaiJiaoTongUniversityI.AestheticProgressioninLiteraryTranslation她异常激动地站起身来，身子靠着椅子的扶手。听了那真挚的乞求，他转身向她，神色是完全不顾一切了。他睁大着双眼，含着泪水，终于猛地向她一闪，胸口激动地起伏着。他们各自站住一刹那，然后我简直没看清他们是怎么合在一起的，只见凯瑟琳向前一跃，他就把她擒住了，他们拥抱得紧紧的，我想我的女主人绝不会被活着放开了：事实上，据我看，她仿佛立刻就不省人事了。他投身到最近处的椅子上，我赶忙走上前看看她是不是昏迷了，他就对我咬牙切齿，像个疯狗似的吐着白沫，带着贪婪的嫉妒神色把她抱紧。我简直不觉得我是在陪着一个跟我同类的动物：看来即使我跟他说话，他也不会懂；因此我只好非常惶惑地站开，也不吭声。ShanghaiJiaoTongUniversityI.AestheticProgressioninLiteraryTranslation2.AnImage-basedliterarytranslationmodelPhaseI:totranslatethewrittentextintoamentalimage-G(thementalmanifestationofanimaginarygestalt完全形态);PhaseII:tofindgoal-languageexponents（代表者，解释者）oftheoverallmentalrepresentationobtainedinPhaseI.ShanghaiJiaoTongUniversityI.AestheticProgressioninLiteraryTranslation3.CaseStudiesImagesastheessentialcomponentsoftheliterarylanguagecanberoughlyclassifiedintofivetypes:1)microimages(a.metaphor;b.symbol);2)macroimages(c.scenes;d.characters;e.events)ShanghaiJiaoTongUniversityI.AestheticProgressioninLiteraryTranslationExamples(1)first,shewouldbe“prideful”,asGeraldhadcommanded.FromthemomentshearrivedatTwelveOaks,shewouldbehergayest,mostspiritedself.NoonewouldsuspectthatshehadeverbeendownheartedbecauseofAshleyandMelanie.Andshewouldflirtwitheverymanthere.ThatwouldbecrueltoAshley,butitwouldmakehimyearnforherallthemore.Shewouldn’toverlookamanofmarriageableage,fromginger-whiskeredoldFrankKennedy,whowasSuellen’sbeau,ondowntoshy,quiet,blushingCharlesHamilton,Melanie’sbrother.Theywouldswarmaroundherlikebeesaroundahive,andcertainlyAshleywouldbedrawnfromMelanietojointhecircleofheradmirers.Thensomehowshewouldmaneuvertogetafewminutesalonewithhim,awayfromthecrowd.Shehopedeverythingwouldworkoutthatway,becauseitwouldbemoredifficultotherwise.ButifAshleydidn’tmakethefirstmove,shewouldsimplyhavetodoitherself.(MargaretMitchell:GonewiththeWind)ShanghaiJiaoTongUniversityI.AestheticProgressioninLiteraryTranslation第一，她要装出一副“傲慢”的神气，这是她父亲吩咐过她的。她从到达十二根橡树的一刻儿起，就一直要装得十分倜傥，十分兴头。这样，人家才不会疑心她因希礼和媚兰的事曾经感觉过灰心。她在那边，对于那边的男人，一个个都要卖弄一番。这会使得希礼见了要十分难受，要越发舍不得自己。凡在结婚年龄的男子，她要一个个都跟他敷衍，老到如苏伦的情人，那个黄胡子的甘扶澜，小到如媚兰的弟弟，那个一下就会脸红的韩察理，她都要一网打尽他们，一个不让他漏网。那一些人一定会同蜜蜂围绕蜂房一般地向她围拢来，因而希礼也会丢开媚兰来加入他们的团体。然后她就要运用一点儿战略，使得希礼将她带开去，和她单独谈几分钟话。她想着这一着一定会万无一失，若使不然，事情就比较棘手了。但是万一希礼那边果真不肯先发动，那么，由她自己这边首先发动也无不可的。（傅东华译《飘》）ShanghaiJiaoTongUniversityI.AestheticProgressioninLiteraryTranslation(2)（阿Q）可是永远记得那狼眼睛，又凶又怯，闪闪的像两颗鬼火，似乎远远的来穿透了他的皮肉。而这回他又看见从来没有见过的更可怕的眼睛了，又钝又锋利，不但已经咀嚼了他的话，并且还要咀嚼他皮肉以外的东西，永是不近不远的跟他走。（鲁迅《阿Q正传》）ShanghaiJiaoTongUniversityI.AestheticProgressioninLiteraryTranslationHehadneverforgottenthatwolf’seyes,fierceyetcowardly,gleamingliketwowill-o’-thewisps,asifboringintohimfromadistance.Nowhesaweyesmoreterribleeventhanthewolf's:dullyetpenetratingeyesthat,havingdevouredhiswords,stillseemedeagertodevoursomethingbeyondhisfleshandblood.Andtheseeyeskeptfollowinghimatasetdistance.Thus,foreverwouldheremembertheeyesofthatwolf:cruelandsavagetheywere,scintillatingliketwoballsofspiritfire,seemingtocomeastheydidfromadistance,piercinghisveryfl