Lecture-Five

LectureFiveCommonly-UsedMethodsofTranslation主讲人：徐书桥罗青婷段燕Content•1.Review•2.SpecificMethodsⅠ.CorrespondingSentencePatternⅡ.RearrangementofWordOrderⅢ.ConversionofPartsofSpeechⅣ.ProperAdditionorOmissionⅤ.NecessaryrepetitionⅥ.‘Itis(orwas)thought(orothersimilarverbs)that......'Ⅶ.BymeansofeitherⅧ.MakinguseofextrapositionⅨ.MutualtranslationofaffirmativeandnegativeexpressionsⅩ.Translationofpassivevoice•3.Text•4.SummaryReview•Literaltranslation•FreetranslationⅠ.CorrespondingSentencePattern•Itmakesyouquickinresponseandensuresthatyourtranslationwillconformtotheusageinsyntax.句型对应•1.AssoonashecametoChengdu,hepaidavisittotheHappyValley.•他一到成都就去了欢乐谷。•2.你书读得越多，你就会越有学问。•Themoreyouread,themorelearnedyouwillbecome.•3.Butforyourhelp,wecouldnothaveaccomplishedouttaskintime.•要是没有你的帮助，我们便不能按时完成任务。•4.他直到成年才开始读书。•Hedidnotstarttoreaduntilhecameofage.•Asfaras…isconcerned,…•就…而论•Whenitcomesto…•当谈论到…•intheair•在流行中，在传播中•(a)roundtheclock•昼夜不停地•atallcosts•不惜任何代价•intheeventof•万一，如果发生•fromtiptotoe•彻头彻尾，完全•handdownto•往下传，传给(后代)Ⅱ.RearrangementofWordOrder•Itisbecausethetwolanguageshaveeachtheirowncharacteristics.词序调整•1.Thesuggestionputforwardbytheteacherwasacceptedbyhisstudents.•教师提的建议被学生接受了。•attributivephrasesandclauses•2.TheNationalScienceConferencewasheldinBeijingin1977.•全国科学会议室1977年在北京举行的。•adverbialoftimeandofplace•3.Whenhewastwelve,MarkTwainlosthisfather.•马克·吐温十二岁时失去了（他）父亲。•4.InhernovelJaneEyreCharlotteBrontegivesaveryvividdescriptionoftheill-treatmentofthegirlsatLowood.•夏洛特·勃朗蒂在（她的）小说《简爱》里生动地描绘了罗伍德学校女学生收虐待的情形。•(personal,possessive)pronounandthenounitstandsfor•5.HissympathyfortheChineserevolutionandhisfriendshipfortheChinesepeoplegainedEdgarSnowmanyenemies.•埃德加·斯诺，由于对中国革命同情并对中国人民友好，引起很多人对他的仇视。英汉语复合句中的逻辑顺序的调整•1.表示因果关系的英语复合句中，因果顺序灵活，在汉语中多数情况是原因在前，结果在后。•Hehadtostayinbedbecausehewasill.•因为他病了，他只好呆在床上。•2.表示条件（假设）与结果关系的英语复合句中，条件（假设）与结果的顺序也不固定，在汉语中则是条件在前，结果在后。•Istillhopeyouwillcomebackifarrangementscouldbemade．•如果安排得好，我还是希望你来。•3.表示目的与行动关系的英语复合句中，目的与行动的顺序比较固定，多数是行动在前，目的在后，汉语也如此，但有时为了强调，也可把目的放在行动之前。•Ispenttwoyuanonthisapple.•我花了两元买这个苹果。•买这个苹果我花了两元。Ⅲ.ConversionofPartsofSpeech•Thetranslatorcannotstubbbornlystickstotheoriginalpartsofspeechandtrieshidutmosttoretainthem.词类转换•1.Theuseofbacteriologicalweaponsisaclearviolationoftheinternationgallaw.•使用细菌武器显然违反国际法。•细菌武器的使用是对国际法的明显违反。•n.→v.•2.Atthemeeting,somewerefortheproposalandothersagainstit.•会上，有人赞成那个提议，有人反对那个提议。•v.tobe+apreposition→v.•3.Hedialedthewrongnumber.•他拨错了电话号码。•adj.→adv.Ⅳ.ProperAdditionorOmission•Inmanycases,itisneitherpossiblenornecessarytotranslatewordforword.•Forbetterexpression.恰当增减•1.Wedon'tretreat,weneverhaveandneverwill.•我们从不后退，我们不曾后退，我们也永远不后退。•2.Johngotupveryearlyinthemorning.Heputonhisjacket,(his)trousersand(his)shoes,satdownat(his)deskandbegantodohishomework.•清晨约翰起得很早。他穿上夹克、裤子和鞋子，就是书桌那里坐下来开始做家庭作业。•pronoun•大作收到，十分高兴。•Iamverygladtohavereceivedyourwriting.•(conjunction,preposition,article)保证语法结构完整添加注释性词语•班门弄斧•Showoffone'sproficiencywiththeaxebeforeLuban,themastercarpenter.Ⅴ.NecessaryRepetition必要重复•1.Afunctionaryintheleadingpostmustbeabletodiscoverproblemsandgoodatanalyzingthem.•领导干部必须能够发现问题，并善于分析问题，解决问题。2.Parentsshouldnotonlylovetheirchidrenbutalsohelpthemandeducatethem.父母不仅应当爱护自己的子女，还应当帮助自己的子女，教育自己的子女。ComparisonwhenhandlingthesameconceptoractionexpressedbyanounoraverbEnglishsubstitutionAChineseBrepetitionEnglishABMoredrillings3.ThegrammarofRussianismuchmorecomplicatedthanthatofEnglish.俄国语法比英语语法复杂得多4.ThesilksofChinaarebetterandcheaperthanthoseofanyothercountry.中国的绸缎比其他任何国家的绸缎都价廉物美5、HestudiesEnglishashardasshedoesChinese.6、---Iappreciatethisfilmverymuch.我很欣赏这部电影。---Sodoalltheyoungpeople.所有的青年人都很欣赏这部电影。他学英语和学汉语一样用功。Ⅵ.‘Itis(orwas)thought(orothersimilarverbs)that......'有人…1.Itwasthoughtthathewasagoodteacher.当时有人认为他是个好老师。2.Itwasbelievedthatshewouldnevercomeback.当时有人相信她永远不会在回来了。•3.Itisannouncedthattherewillbeanewfilmtomorrow.•有人通知明天放映新影片。•4.Itismaintaiainedthatthecriminalshouldbepublishedsternly.•有人主张这个罪犯要严加惩处。Ⅶ.Bymeansofeither“祝”or“愿”•1.Mayyouenjoyasplendidhealth!•祝(愿)您（你）健康！•2.Mayyoucomebackwithmerits！•祝(愿)您立功归来！•3.Maythefavorablewindaccompanyyou!•祝(愿)您（你）一帆风顺！•4.Maysuccessattendyou！•祝(愿)您（你）成功！Ⅷ.MakingUseofExtraposition1.Thequestionofintermationalsecurity,theinvitationofrepresantationofthetwoparts,disarment(裁军),substantiveconsiderationofthesea-bedarethequestionstobeconsideredinthisanniversarysession.利用外位Thepartofsubject,attributeorobjectoftheEnglishsentenceissolongthatitisnoteasytoarrangethetranslationaccordingtotheorginalsyntacticstructure.Extraposition•Renderthepartofsubject,attributeorobjectandplaceitattheverybeginningofthetranslationandthenrepeatthemeaningitcontainsthroughtheChinesepronouns这些or“其1.Thequestionofintermationalsecurity,theinvitationofrepresantationofthetwoparts,disarment(裁军),substantiveconsiderationofthesea-bedarethequestionstobeconsideredinthisanniversarysession.国际安全问题，邀请两个部分的代表，裁军，海床问题的实质性的审议，这些都是在这届（周年）纪念会议上要审议的问题。•2.Wefeelthattheproperproceduretoresolvetheissueofwhichitemshouldfollowitisthroughconsultation.•我们认为，要解决接下去应是哪些项目这个问题，其适当程序是通过协商。•3....itmaybeadvisableinthec