考研英语翻译2

考研英语翻译国内考试部肖嫱联系邮箱：[e-mail]@xdf.cn课程安排I.考研英语翻译介绍II.分专题讲解a.常考句型b.常考结构考研翻译介绍大纲介绍评分标准特点介绍解题思路大纲介绍（一v.s.二）•总体情况(题型;分值;难度)•翻译单项•大纲一：内容或结构复杂400,150,5,10,2准确、完整、通顺•大纲二：•英语语言材料•150,15评分标准•1.扭曲0.5•2.两种译法•3.错别字0.5实际标准1.分段给分(0.5*4或0.5*2+1)例:Thus,theanthropologicalconceptof“culture,”//liketheconceptof“set”inmathematics,//isanabstractconcept//whichmakespossibleimmenseamountsofconcreteresearchandunderstanding.2.主观臆断NO.1字迹难以recognizeNO.2句子通顺度，读起来像不像人话特点介绍a.主观性试题b.长难句c.关于时间d.考频统计•2002~2011年知识点考察频率总结:•复合句92%;简单句8%;•从句：形容词性从句48.21%;状语从句21.43%宾语从句16.07%;同位语从句7.14%;主语从句3.57%;表语从句3.57%;•e.文章来源201120102009解题思路•看全文v.s.不看全文•句-词-句•句(英文)：基本句子结构第一类：简单句--主+谓+(宾)第二类：并列句--简单句+并列连词+简单句•表同等关系:(AandB)•表转折关系:(Abut/yet/while/howeverB)•表因果关系:(AsoB,BforA)•选择或条件:(AorB)•其他形式的常见并列句NotonlyA,butalsoB.第三类：主从复合句(先行词+引导词+从句)名词性从句包括:主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句引导词:what,which,how,why,who,when,where,etc.主语从句：一个句子充当主语WhetherLadyGagaisafemaleornotisstillquestionable.宾语从句：一个句子充当宾语Themanagertoldhimthatthecontractwouldn’tbesignedowingtothelastitem.同位语从句:从句与先行词为解释与被解释关系Thebeliefthatallofyouwillpassthepostgraduateentranceexamisburiedinmymind.这些是？•IlovewhatIamworkingfornow.•Thenewsthatyoulovemeissosurprising.•Whathetoldmewasonlyhalf-truth.•Theproblemiswhowillberesponsibleforthisproject.形容词性从句---定语从句(引导词：which,who,when,where,etc.)---修饰名词，即先行词为名词e.g.TheNewOrientalwhichisatrainingcenterforallkindsofEnglishtestsisnotachef-trainingplace.状语从句---时间、地点、原因、方式、结果、让步等关系Hewon'tbeagainstusinthemeetingifwecouldaskforhisadviceinadvance.如何划分句子结构a.找标点符号(逗号或分号或冒号)b.找连接词或引导词c.定主干，给分段实例划分句子结构例一(97-2)Somephilosophersarguethatrightsexistonlywithinasocialcontract,aspartofanexchangeofdutiesandentitlements.初步分段：(97-2)Somephilosophersargue//thatrightsexistonlywithinasocialcontract,//aspartofanexchangeofdutiesandentitlements.分值分布：1+1+1具体结构：(97-2)Somephilosophersargue//thatrightsexistonlywithinasocialcontract,//[aspart(ofanexchangeofdutiesandentitlements)].例二(06-1-P11)IshalldefinehimasanindividualwhohaselectedashisprimarydutyandpleasureinlifetheactivityofthinkinginaSocratic(苏格拉底)wayaboutmoralproblems.初步分段：(06-1-P11)Ishalldefinehimasanindividual//whohaselectedashisprimarydutyandpleasureinlife//theactivityofthinkinginaSocratic(苏格拉底)wayaboutmoralproblems.分值分布:0.5+1+0.5具体结构:(06-1-P11)Ishalldefinehimasanindividual//(whohaselectedashisprimarydutyandpleasureinlife//theactivityofthinkinginaSocratic(苏格拉底)wayaboutmoralproblems).注：electAasBelectasBA词:词汇的广度和深度1.词义选择问题(一词多义）a.根据语境，即搭配(上下文);b.根据单词最基本意思引申•围观下有关一词多义的句子：respect(97):①Sincethen,hehadwontherespectofeveryone.②Inmanyrespectsthenewversionisnotsogoodastheoldone.Account:①Therewereseveraldifferentaccountsofthestoryinthenewspaper.•译：报纸对这则故事有好几种不同的报道。②Shehasabalanceoffivethousanddollarsinherbankaccount.译:她的银行()中有5000美元的余额。(账户)Explosion(2000):①Terroristsshouldberesponsibleforthebombexplosion.译:恐怖分子应该要为这次的炸弹爆炸（事件）负责。②ThepopulationexplosioninIndiacausedfamineandpoverty.译:在印度，人口（爆炸？）导致了饥饿和贫穷。（激增）•2.如果词不认识•真题：97-2)Somephilosophersarguethatrightsexistonlywithinasocialcontract,aspartofanexchangeofdutiesandentitlements.•义务和？•义务和权力小结：有关词，三种情况：•NO.1:词多义，根据上下文确定(e.g.respect)•NO.2:套用基本意思不对，根据已知义引申(e.gexplosion)•NO.3:完全不认识，填词造句(e.g.entitlement)句（中文）:翻译方法应用解题思路总结：句—词—句即：划结构—定词义—调顺序总原则：在意思靠谱的前提下怎么通顺怎么翻分专题讲解•专题一:修饰性成分短语&句子(一)短语:译成“…的”a.不定式作定语(99-1)theattempttorecreateandexplainthesignificanteventsofthepastb.分词①现在分词(00-5)problemsarisingfrommassmigrationmovements②过去分词(01-1)televisionchatshowshostedbyrobotsc.介词短语①of短语(06-3)thefactualaspectsofthoseproblems(AofB译成“B的A”)②with短语(01-2)computerswithin-builtpersonalities(AwithB译成“有B的A”)(二)定语从句a.简要介绍句子作定语修饰名词或代词引导词：关系代词which,that,who,whom,whose等关系副词when,where,how等b.翻译方法和技巧１、前置—将定语从句的翻译置于被修饰词前,即“…的”适用条件—结构简单，未套其他从句，信息量小e.g.Thepeoplewhoworkedforhimlivedinmortalfearofhim.２、后置—将从句置于先行词之后进行翻译适用条件：结构较复杂，信息量较大①重复先行词或用代词代替Theirtalkincludesrhythmandrhymingwordsaswellastonguetwisters,whichoftenmaketheaudienceapplaud.译：他们的谈话包含了节奏、韵律词和绕口令，这些通常使观众为之鼓掌。②合并法Inourcompany,therearemanypeoplewhoaremuchinterestedinthenewinvention.译:在我们公司，有很多人对这项新发明感兴趣。例一(03-4-p131)Tylordefinedcultureas“…thatcomplexwholewhichincludesbelief,art,morals,law,custom,andanyothercapabilitiesandhabitsacquiredbymanasamemberofsociety.”句：(03-4)Tylordefinedcultureas“…thatcomplexwhole//whichincludesbelief,art,morals,law,custom,//andanyothercapabilitiesandhabitsacquiredbymanasamemberofsociety.”分值分布：0.5+0.5+1Tylordefinedcultureas“…thatcomplexwhole//(whichincludesbelief,art,morals,law,custom,//andanyothercapabilitiesandhabitsacquiredbymanasamemberofsociety.)”分析得出：主干：Tylordefinedculture重点分析：thatcomplexwhole//（whichincludesbelief,art,morals,law,custom,//andanyothercapabilitiesandhabits(acquiredbyman)[asamemberofsociety]）注意：定语成分过长,怎么办？acquiredby？翻出来要往哪搁呢？词：Tylor(人名翻译)DefineComplexWhole—n.capableacquire句:用个代词代掉whichacquiredby置于所有中心词前翻译译：泰勒把文化定义为“……一个复合整体，它包括人作为社会成员所获得的信仰、艺术、道德、法律、风俗以及其它能力和习惯”。例二(01-1-p130)Therewillbetelevisionchatshowshostedbyrobots,andcarswithpollutionmonitorsthatwilldisablethemwhentheyoffend.句：(01-1)Therewillbetelevisionchatshow