翻译技巧(2)词类转换法

A.名词转译成动词（概述）1.Theywentonstrikeindemandofa40percentwageincrease.他们举行罢工，要求工资增加40%。2.Givemelibertyorgivemedeath.不自由，毋宁死。3.Heisanenemytoreform.他反对改革。4.Differencebetweenthesocialsystemofstatesshallnotbeanobstacletotheirapproachandcooperation.国与国社会制度的不同不应妨碍彼此的接近与合作。I.Convertingtoverbs5.IamafraidIcan’tteachyouEnglish.IthinkmydaughterisabetterteacherthanI.恐怕我教不了你英语，我想我女儿比我教得好。6.TheoperationofacomputerneedssomeknowledgeofEnglish.操作电脑需要一些英语知识。I.ConvertingtoverbsA.名词转译成动词（基本方法）（一）具有动态意义的名词（1）“…of…”结构（2）短语结构翻译顺序：顺译与逆译1.Ithasalsoprovidedthebasesforthetraditionalmethodologyofscience:objectiveobservationanddescriptionofsomephenomena,theformulationofahypothesisorhypothesesabouttheeventsobservedandpossiblerelationshipsamongthem,theuseofthesetopredictfutureevents,theverificationofthehypothesesand,onthisbasis,theconstructionofatheoryofsomeareaofnaturalactivity.2.Whatisneededinthecaseofnoiseisastudyoflargenumbersofpeoplelivingundernoisyconditions.就噪音而论，所需要的是研究大批生活在噪音条件下的人数。3.InsistenceonhumanrightsA.名词转译成动词（基本方法）4.Manypeopleinindustryandtheservice,whohavepracticalexperienceofnoise,regardanyinvestigationofthisquestionasawasteoftime.工业部门和军队中的许多人对噪音有切身体会，他们认为对这个问题进行任何调查都是浪费时间。5.Anacquaintanceofworldhistoryishelpfultothestudyofcurrentaffairs.练习：1.The1967UNdocumentcallsforthesettlementoftheMiddleEastconflictonthebasisofIsraelwithdrawalfromoccupiedterritoriesandArabacknowledgementofIsrael’srighttoexist.2.Oneafteranother,speakerscalledforthedownfallofimperialism,abolitionofexploitationofmanbyman,liberationoftheoppressedoftheworld.3.Until1972,alleffortsbythetwonationstocurbthenucleararmsracehadfounderedononepoint:U.S.insistenceontherighttomakeone-siteinspectionoftheSovietStrategic-arsenalandRussia’srefusal.4.Ithasalsoprovidedthebasesforthetraditionalmethodologyofscience:objectiveobservationanddescriptionofsomephenomena,theformulationofahypothesisorhypothesesabouttheeventsobservedandpossiblerelationshipsamongthem,theuseofthesetopredictfutureevents.Theverificationofthehypothesesand,onthisbasis,theconstructionofatheoryofsomeareaofnaturalactivity.A.名词转译成动词（基本方法）（二）英语中含有动态意义的名词通常翻译为动词，并根据需要增添逻辑宾语。1.Thesightandsoundofourjetplanesfilledmewithspeciallonging.看到我们的喷气式飞机，听见隆隆的（机声），令我们特别神往。2.Astheweekdrawtoaclose,theenemyroutwascomplete.一周快结束时，敌人彻底溃退了。A.名词转译成动词（基本方法）（三）英语中有些以后缀–er,-or结尾的名词，在句中并指其身份和职业，而是含有较强的动作意味，需要翻译为动词。1.IamafraidIcan’tteachyouswimming.IthinkmylittlebrotherisabetterteacherthanI.我恐怕教不了你游泳，我想我的小弟弟比我教得好。2.Talkingwithhisson,theoldmanwastheforgiveroftheyoungman’spastwrongdoings.在和儿子谈话时，老人宽恕了年轻人过去所干的坏事。3.Heisnosmoker,buthisfatherisachain-smoker.A.名词转译成动词（基本方法）（四）短语中的主体名词通常翻译为动词1.Thenextnewsbulletin（新闻节目）,shorterthanusual,madenomentionofthedemonstration.2.ShehadhighpraiseforDr.Smith,althoughshecomplainedabouthisstrictness.3.Thepartybranchsecretaryshowedgreatconcernforthestudents’health4.Hehasalreadymadementionofthematterinhisspeech.练习（一）1.TheCensusBureau,thedataagencychargedwithcreatingstatisticsonhouseholdincomesandtheirdistribution,doesnotmaintainanofficialdefinitionofmiddleclassstatus.2.Duringthehalf-hourtalk,thetwosidesexchangedviewsonthechoiceoftermsofpayment,buttheymadenomentionofthemodeoftransportation.（在半小时的商谈中，双方就付款方式交换了意见，但没有提到运输方式。）练习（二）1.Notonlydoesdarkenergyappeartomakeupthebulkoftheuniverse,butitsexistence,ifitstandsthetestoftime,willprobablyrequirethedevelopmentofnewtheoriesofphysics.暗能量视乎占据了宇宙的大部分空间，不仅如此，如果它的存在能够经受时间的考验，那么有可能需要建立新的物理学理论。2.Thesameistrueofgalaxyclusters,thelargestcoherentbodiesintheuniverse---assemblagesofthousandsofgalaxiesembeddedinavastcloudofhotgasandboundtogetherbygravity.对于星系群来说是如此，星系群是宇宙中最大的联合体，集中了数千个星系，埋藏在巨大的热气云团中，由重力联系在一起。3.Scientistssaythatgovernmentconstructionofamulti-billion-dollar,permanentspacestationcouldaidindetectingnaturaldisastersonearthinadvance,conductingmedicalresearchandcollectingsolarenergytotransmitback.科学家认为，由政府建造一个耗资数十亿美元的永久空间站会有助于预测地球上的自然灾害，进行医学研究，以及收集太阳能并将其送回地面。4.Theanalysiswillrequirethedevelopmentofnewtheoreticaltoolsbutshouldbewithinourgraspinthenextfewyears.要做这方面的分析就需要开发新的理论工具，不过今后几年中我们就会掌握分析的方法。I.Convertingtoverbs5.Basicallyappliedsciencestartswiththeclearunderstandingofahumanneedandthenusesalltheavailablescientificknowledgetoassistinthesatisfactionofthisneed.归根到底，应用科学的出发点是清楚地了解人类的某一项需要，然后利用一切现有的科学知识去帮助满足这种需要。6.Purescienceisprimarilyconcernedwiththedevelopmentoftheoriesandtheestablishmentoftherelationsbetweenthephenomenaoftheuniverse.理论科学的主要任务是发展理论，建立宇宙间各种现象之间的关系。7.Increasingly,thereistalkofviewerparticipationintelevision;two-wayTVprogramswillmakeitpossibletotakepartinasoapoperaorfootballgameasiftheviewerwerethere.人们越来越多的谈论着电视观众参与电视节目的问题，双向电视节目将使电视观众有可能参加电视连续剧的演出或足球比赛，犹如身临其境。8.Ingeneral,dryingasolidmeanstheremovalofrelativelysmallamountsofwaterorotherliquidfromthesolidmaterialtoreducethecontentofresidualliquidtoanacceptablelowvalue.一般情况下，固体干燥指的是从固体材料中除去相对少量的水或其他液体，从而使残留液体的含量减少到可接受的低水平。A.介词转译成动词。（prep.---v.）1.Theroadtodevelopmentislongbutwearefirmlyonit.发展的道路虽然漫长，可我们已坚定地走了上这条路。2.Heiswalkingintheparkwithanumbrel