主语从句和同位语从句

名词性从句在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句.1宾语从句；2主语从句；3表语从句；4同位语从句主语从句在另外一个句子中做主语的句子叫主语从句。Howthebookwillselldependsonitsauthor.Thatheisthebeststudentintheclassisobvious主语从句常用it作形式主语放句首因而我们常见到这种句式：It+be+n./adj/-ed从句（that,whether,etc.)例：It'sapitythatyoushouldhavetoleave.=Thatyoushouldhavetoleaveisapity.ItisgreatthatIhaveateacherlikeyou.=ThatIhaveateacherlikeyouisgreat.Ⅲ.主语从句的连接词一、主语从句1.连词that(无词义,不作成分,不能省略);whether(是否),if不能位于句首。Thathewillcomeandhelpusiscertain.Whetherwewillsucceedisstillaquestion.Itisnotknownifhewillcome.注意:已确定的事由that引导;没决定的事由whether引导.3.连接副词when,where，why,how,howlong,howoften,howsoon,howfar,howmany/much等.Whenthetestwillbegivenisnotyetdecided.Howmuchwecanspendmustbeagreedon.2.连接代词what,whatever,who,whoever,whose,which,whichever等.Whatheishasnothingtodowithyou.Whoseticketthisishasnotbeenfoundout.特殊句式1.Ihate____whenpeopletalkwiththeirmouthsfull．（MET98）A.itB.thatC.theseD.them2.Ifeel____strangethatheshouldbesocareless.A./B.itC.thatD.how3.Itworriedherabit____herhairwasturninggrey.（MET92）A．whileB.thatC．ifD．for为了使句子保持平衡，常用it来代替主语从句或宾语从句，而把主语从句或宾语从句放到后面，尤其是连词that引导的主语从句常用于此种句式中，但what，whatever，whoever，whichever引导的主语从句一般不后置。请你归纳？同位语从句在一个更长的句子中作同位语使用的句子叫同位语从句。同位语与其前的词或短语表达的是同一事物。如：Thefactthatsheisillshouldbeconsidered.Thenewsthatourteamhaswonthematchistrue.Hisdelayisduetothefactthatthecarwentwronghalfway.同位语从句同位语从句一般跟在名词fact,news,promise,truth,belief,thought,idea,answer,information,doubt,knowledge,hope,law,opinion,plan,suggestion后面,用以说明或解释前面的名词.TheDifferencesBetweenAppositiveclausesandAttributiveClauses怎样区别同位语从句与定语从句同位语从句与定语从句的不同之处1、从句的作用不同：同位语从句用来进一步说明前面名词的内容；定语从句用来修饰、限定前面的名词。e.g.Thenewsthatourteamhaswonthefinalmatchisencouraging.（从句说明“消息”的内容：我们队取得了决赛胜利。）Thenewsthatyoutoldusisreallyencouraging.（从句对“消息”加以限定：是你告诉我们的，而非来自其他渠道。但消息是何内容却不得而知。）2、引导从句的关联词that的功能不同：that引导同位语从句时是一个纯连词，不充当任何成分；而引导定语从句的that是关系代词，既指代先行词又须在从句中充当成分。e.g.1)DadmadeapromisethathewouldbuymeCDplayerifIpassedtheEnglishtest.（that不充当任何成分）2)Dadmadeapromisethatexcitedallhischildren.（that指代promise，又在从句中充当主语。）高一英语语法同步辅导3、that引导同位语从句时是一个纯连词，故不能用which替换；而that引导定语从句时是代词，常可以和另一关系代词which替换。e.g.ThefactthatheisfromCanadaisnewtome.（that不可换为which）ThefactthatsurprisedmeisthatheisnotChinese.（第一个that可换为which，第二个不行，因为它引导的是表语从句。）4、引导同位语从句的关联词，除that外，还可以根据句义使用任何其它疑问代词或副词；而定语从句不可用what,how,whether等引导。e.g.IhadnoideaatallwhatIshoulddonext.Thereisnoproofwhetherhewaskilledbyothers.同位语从句定语从句引导词that只起连接的作用不充当句子成分引导词that除了引导句子外还充当一定的句子成分同位语从句与前面的名词是同位关系表示这个名词的内容定语从句对先行词起修饰作用，表示“…的”。同位语从句的that一般不能省而定语从句中的关系代词that，当其在从句中做宾语时，常省略一.同位语从句注意点PracticeI.Tellthefunctionoftheclausesinthefollowingsentences说出下列从句的功能：A:Appositive（同位语）;B:Attributive（定语）1.Hisproposalthatwegothereonfootisacceptable.2.Manyteachersholdtheviewthatteenagersshouldnotspendtoomuchtimeonline.3.Thefirstrequestthathemadewastoaskforfreedom.4.Doyouhaveanyideawherewewillbesent?5.Isthisthecompanywhereyourfatherworks?6.Thisisthereasonthathegaveforhisabsence.7.Hemadeanexcusethathiscarbrokedownontheway.1.Thenews____anotherpowerstationwillbebuiltcheeredallthevillagers.AwhichBthatCwhatDwhatever2Thenews____hetoldusisexciting.Whichofthefollowingiswrong?AwhatB\CwhichDthatExercisesBAII.Choosethebestanswer1.Theyexpressedthehope___theywouldcomeovertoChina.A.whichB.thatC.whomD.when2.Thefact___hedidn’tseeTomyesterdayistrue.A.thatB.whichC.whenD.what3.Ihavenoidea____hewillcomeback.A.whereB.whenC.whatD.thatBAB4.Thenews_____surprisedeverybodyyesterdaynowprovestobefalse.A.thatB.whenC.whatD.how5.Oneofthemenheldtheview___thebooksaidwasright.A.whatthatB.thatwhichC.thatwhatD.whichthat6.Wordhascome_____someAmericanguestswillcomeforavisittoourcollegenextweek.A.whatB.whetherC.thatD.whichACCwhat与that在引导主语从句时的区别what引导主语从句时在句时在从句中充当句子成分，如主语、宾语、表语，而that则不然。What引导的主语从句一般不可改为含形式主语的句子。例如：1)Whatyousaidyesterdayisright.2)Thatsheisstillaliveiscertain.Itisrightwhatyousaidyesterday.Itiscertainthatsheisstillalive.×√1.用that或what填空•1.Iwonderifthisis______youarelookingfor.•2.Ourschoolisquitedifferentfrom_______itwasbefore.•3.Fathermadeapromise______ifIpassedtheexaminationhewouldbuymeacomputer.whatwhatthat•4._______Ican’tunderstandiswhyhehaschangedhismind.•5.___________theearthisroundisknowntousall.•归纳：WhatThat连词_______在从句中不作成分，不含有疑问意义，而_____在从句中作成分，常含有疑问意义。thatwhat1）____youdon’tlikehimisnoneofmybusiness.（S92)A.WhatB.WhoC.ThatD.Whether高考题选萃•2)____hesaidatthemeetingastonishedeverybodypresent.(93)•A.WhatB.That•C.ThefactD.Thematter•3)There’safeelinginme___we’llneverknowwhataUFOis---notever.(s2002）•A.thatB.which•C.ofwhichD.whatAA3.选择填空（what,whatever,who,whoever•1._________wassaidheremustbekeptsecret.•2._______weneedismoretime.•3._______madethelongdistancecalltohimisnotimportant.•4._________breaksthelawwillbepunished.WhateverWhatWhoWhoever•___________________等引导的名词性从句不含有疑问意义，相当于名词后加一个定语从句，而•____________________等引导的名词性从句都含有疑问意义。请你归纳who,whoever/what,whatever?Whoever,whateverWho,what•1.____hashelpedtosavethedrowninggirlisworthpraising.(s99)•A.WhoB.Theone•C.AnyoneD.Whoever高考题选萃•2.Sarahhopestobecomeafriendof____sharesherinterests.•A.anyoneB.whomever•C.whoeverD.nomatterwho•3.Thesewildflo