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ChinglishreferstospokenorwrittenEnglishlanguagethatisinfluencedbytheChineselanguage.Theterm“Chinlish”isusedtodescribethephenomenoninclude”ChineseEnglish”,“ChinaEnglish”,and“Sinicized(中国化的)English”.EnglishfirstarrivedinChinain1637,whenBritishtradersreachedMacaoandGuangzhou.Inthe17thcentury,ChinesePidginEnglishoriginatedasalinguafrancafortradebetweenBritishpeopleandmostlyCantonese-speakingChinesepeople.Thisproto-ChinglishtermpidginoriginatedasaChinesemispronunciationoftheEnglishwordbusiness.英语最先于1637年,英国商人在澳门和广州做生意时传入中国。17世纪,作为英国人说广东话的中国人之间做交易的通用语言,“洋泾浜英语”产生了。这一原始的Chinglish术语“pidgin”源自于中国人对英文单词“business”的错误发音。•FollowingtheFirstandSecondOpiumWarbetween1839–1842,PidginEnglishspreadnorthtoShanghaiandothertreatyports.Pidginusagebegantodeclineinthelate19thcenturywhenChineseandmissionaryschoolsbeganteachingStandardEnglish.In1982,thePeople'sRepublicofChinamadeEnglishthemainforeignlanguageineducation.CurrentestimatesforthenumberEnglishlearnersinChinarangefrom300to500million.紧接着在第一和第二次鸦片战争(1839-1842)中,洋泾浜英语向北拓展到上海以及其他通商口岸。至19世纪后期,中国教会学校开始教授标准的英文之后,洋泾浜用法开始减少。在1982年,中华人民共和国成立,规定英语是主要的对外语言。现在,估计有3-5亿的中国人学习英语。•ChineseofficialscarriedoutcampaignstoreduceChinglishinpreparationforthe2008SummerOlympicsinBeijing.SoonaftertheInternationalOlympicCommitteeselectedBeijingin2001,theBeijingTourismBureauestablishedatipsterhotlineforChinglisherrorsonsigns,suchasemergencyexitsattheBeijingairportreading“Noentryonpeacetime”.In2007,theBeijingSpeaksForeignLanguagesProgram(BSFLP)reportedtheyhad,workedout4,624piecesofstandardEnglishtranslationstosubstitutetheChinglishonesonsignsaroundthecity,forinstance,Becareful,roadslipperyinsteadofTotakenoticeofsafe:Theslipperyareverycrafty.中国官员开始采取一些措施企图减少Chinglish,为2008年的北京奥运会做准备。在国际奥委会2001年选举北京作为奥运会主办城市之后,北京旅游局立马成立了一个咨询热线,专门针对一些标志的中国式英语的错误,比错北京机场将紧急出口(emergencyexits)写成“Noentryonpeacetime”。2007年,BSFLP宣布他们解决了4624份将有chinglish错误的标准换成标准英语标识的案例,例如,小心路滑这标志,从“Theslipperyareverycrafty”换成Becareful,roadslippery。•BSFLPchairpersonChenLinsaid,Wewanteverythingtobecorrect.Grammar,words,culture,everything.Beijingwillhavethousandsofvisitorscoming.Wedon'twantanyonelaughingatus.”•ReportingfromBeijing,BenMacintyrelamentedthelossofsignslikeShowMercytotheSlenderGrassbecause,manyofthebestexamplesofChinglisharedelightful,reflectingtheinventivenessthatresultswhentwosuchdifferentlanguagescollide.•BSFLP的主席陈林说道:“我们希望所有一切都是正确的,北京将会迎来数以千计的游客,我们不想被笑话。”•BenMacintyre在发自北京的报道中为那些有特色的标志的消失而遗憾,他认为,很多chinglish的例子是十分可爱的,反应了两种不同语言的充满创造力的结合。•ChinglishmayhaveinfluencedsomeEnglishexpressionsthatare“calques”or“loantranslations”fromChinesePidginEnglish,forinstance,“loseface”derivesfromdiulian(丢脸).Somesourcesclaim“longtimenosee”isaChinglishcalquefromhǎojiǔbújiàn好久不見.MorereliablereferencesnotethisjocularAmericanEnglishphrase“usedasagreetingafterprolongedseparation”wasfirstrecordedin1900foraNativeAmerican‘sspeech,andthusmorelikelyderivesfromAmericanIndianPidginEnglish.一些英语表达也借鉴了中国式英语,例如,loseface就来自于中文的丢脸。有些说法说,“longtimenosee”也是源于借鉴中式英语中的好久不见。不过,更多的一些可靠文献称这种诙谐的美国英语短语最先在1900年的一个美洲原住民的演讲中有记录,因此这更有可能是来自于印第安式英语。•ThefutureofChinglishisuncertain.TheGlobalLanguageMonitorpredictsitwillthrive,andestimatesthatroughly20percentofnewEnglishwordsderivefromChinglish,forinstance,shanzhai(山寨;literally“mountainstronghold;mountainvillage”)。Chinglish的未来并不明晰。国际语言监控中心预测它将发展的更兴旺,并估计将会有大致20%的新英文单词会来自与chinglish,比如,山寨,书面写成““mountainstronghold;mountainvillage”。
本文标题:chinglish的介绍
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