雅思写作话题、素材与论证

雅思写作话题、素材与论证思路Week152大作文论证方法及素材•1举例论证9教育原则•2对比论证10文化原则•3因果论证11环境和能源原则•4经济与就业原则12道德原则•5时间与效率原则13权利原则•6空间与安全原则14例题示范•7心理健康原则•8生理原则31举例论证•1外显连接所谓外显连接是指用特定的连接词将相关信息进行连接。通常情况下，例子作为论据由forexample,forinstance,like,suchas,take…as等引出。如：itisundeniablethatmobilephoneshavefacilitatedourlivesinmanydifferentways.Forexample,whenanemergencyoccurs,suchasatrafficaccidentoraviolentcrime,mobilephonescanhelpthevictimstocallthepoliceoranambulanceimmediatelyforhelp.4•1.2内化连接1、人物经历作例子其中的人物可以是名人，ThomasEdisongaveusanexamplethatsuccessonlycomesafterpersistenceandhardwork.也可以是作者自己的亲身经历Irememberthattenyearsagocellphoneswereunusualandseldomseen5•2、数字信息作例子：•Theworkwasimmense:fillingabouteightylargenotebooks(andwithoutalibrarytohand),Johnsonwrotethedefinitionsofover40,000words,andillustratedtheirmanymeaningswithsome114,000quotationsdrawnfromEnglishwritingoneverysubject,fromtheElizabethanstohisowntime.6•3、专有名词信息作例子•Airpollutionisincreasinglybecomingthefocusofgovernmentandcitizenconcernaroundtheglobe.FromMexicoCityandNewYorktoSingaporeandTokyo,newsolutionstothisoldproblemarebeingproposedandimplementedwitheverincreasingspeed.78.2对比论证例如：•剑桥4，test2：Inaddition,theinternet,andmodernrefrigerationtechniques,arebeingusedtokeepalivethetraditionalskillsofproducingsalmon.•剑桥4test4Thegovernmentsofdevelopedcountriesare,insomeways,responsible-thoughnotobliged-forthefutureofthosedevelopingcountries.83因果论证•3.1Givereasons（给出理由）•A.我们所用说明原因的连词通常有:because,as,since,for等•Theinternationalcommunityshouldensurethateducationisfreeforallschoolchildren在此处我们可以加上得出此论点的原因：becausethiswouldhelppoorercountriesandpoorerpartsofrichcountriesdevelop.9•B.特殊引导词inthat，consideringthat等•Someplasticsbehaveinasimilarwaytocandlewax,inthattheymeltunderheatandcanbemouldedintonewforms.10•C.通过why引导的名词性从句•Thereasonwhy+观点+is…•Thereasonwhypeopleliketomovemorefromruralareastourbanareasisrootedinthefactthatthecityhomesmoresocialandeconomicopportunities.11•3.2.Giveresults（阐述结果）•通过阐述一个现象或事物产生的结果的是正面的还是负面的来说明其性质，从而论证自己的观点。我们常用的引导词有：consequently,hence,asaresult，inorderto,andso,therefore等等。12•例如：Studyingotherhistoricalperiodsgivesinsightsintodifferentwaysoflife.Asaresult,theywillbecomemoreawareofthekindofsocietythatwelivein.Therefore,theywillbeabletocomparethesesocietieswithourown.范文示例:关于时装的风行•社会类Moreandmorepeoplenowchoosetowearthefashionableclothes.Whyisit?Whatarethepositiveandnegativeeffectsdoesthistrendimposeonthesociety?•第一段:引出问题:•Sinceyoungwehavebeentaughttobelievethatweshouldneverjudgeabookbyitscover.However,anotherwell-knownsayinggoeslike:clothesmaketheman.Caughtupinthetugofwarbetweencoverandcontent,sadlytosay,moreofusopttogoforthelookinsteadoftheroot.•(观点立场:时装可以使人自信,增加成功机率,但是使人虚荣,攀比,浪费资源,扩大贫富差距感)•点评:英语谚语的应用可以使表达更加地道,流畅;而且几乎没有使用题目当中的任何词汇,易使考官留下较深的印象.缺点之一是由于过于强调自我观点的表述,可能在点题和后面论证上容易偏题)•第二段:问题的原因:•Oneoftheexplanationsliesinthefactthatcontemporarymediakeeptellingthepublic:inordertobesuccessfulonehastolooksuccessful.Fashionableclothessurelyarespeakingloudandclearoftheprestigetheyaretryingtocarryforward.Thereforeitisnowonderthatpeoplefromallworksoflifearespendingalargesumoftheirincomeonfillingtheirclosets.•Economically,thisisareflectionofrisingprosperityinmodernsocietiesaspeoplecanaffordmorefashionableclothestodressthemselvesupormakethemselveslooksmart.第三段:影响•Thepositivesideofthisphenomenonisthatpeoplearemorebeautifultolookat.Andtheso-calledfashionindustryalsocreatesmillionsofjobandwhoknowshowmanyofmillionaires.(让步）•However,despiteallitspositiveinfluences,itcultivatesaculturethatpursuesfashiontothepointwherenecessityandcomforthasgivenawaytomerelook.Andpeoplearebecomingsoabsorbedinacquiringthelatestlookthattheytendtobuymoreclothingthantheyactuallyneedandleavealotofclothesunworn,thusagreatwasteofresourcessuchasmaterials,fund,andlaborforcethatcouldhavebeenallocatedotherwise.•Peoplearealsogettinglostintheirpursuitoffashion.Oncesomeonestartsatrend,thekeeping-up-with-the-Jones’smentalitydrivesthemajorityofpeopletofollowsuitjustnottoloseface,onlytogetlostinthisquestforfashion.Bykeepingupwiththevoguetheyinawayforgetwhotheyreallyareandtrytobesomeonetheyarenot.•Moreimportantlysnobberywillprevail.Asmorepeoplebegintobuythe‘successfullook’doctrine,theywillpickoutonthosewhocannotaffordthetrendyfashionandmisplacetheemphasisforindividualgrowth,whichisatragicturnforanynationoranyrace.•第四部分:结语•Allinall,fashionableclothesbeautifypeopleandtheworldasawhole.Butinthemeantime,peopleshouldneverforgetthatthisafterallwillnotleaddirectlytosuccess,andthatifwewanttowriteasuccessfulbookofourselvesitisalwaysthecontentthatsells.19十大论证原则这个概念大家耳熟能详，也是很多老师都比较推荐的方法，究其原因，无非是其比较具有实战意义，即在解题时，通过十个常见的方面来扩张论据素材。下面将十大原则列举如下，并附以例子概括介绍。20一、经济与就业原则•如“是否要戒烟”•Pros:烟草行业促进经济发展（promotetheeconomicdevelopment），•提高国家税收收入（enhancethetaxincomeofacountry）•提供就业岗位（providetheopportunitiesofemployment）21二、时间与效率原则•如“是否限制飞机飞行”•Pros:节省时间，提高效率（time-saving,enhancetheefficiency）22三、空间与安全原则•如“是否在社区里建工厂”•Cons:占据空间，社区变得拥堵（occupythespace,overcrowded）•安全隐患（potentialsafetyhazard）23四、心理健康原则•如“是否要戒烟”•Cons:产生心理依赖（psychologicallydependentonsmoking）•如“旧楼是否被现代化楼房代替”•Cons:居民对旧楼有