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当前位置:首页 > 中学教育 > 初中教育 > 英语表语从句讲解及练习
1表语从句表语从句一、定义:1.表语从句就是用一个句子作为表语。说明主语是什么或者怎么样,由名词、形容词或相当于名词或形容词的词或短语充当,和连系动词一起构成谓语。Eg:Theproblemispuzzling.这问题令人困惑主语连系动词形容词作表语Theproblemiswhenwecangetapayrise.问题是什么时候我们可以得到加薪.主语连系动词一个句子作表语---表语从句2.连接表语从句的连接词有:that,what,who,when,where,which,why,whether,how.Hehasbecomeateacher.他已经成为一名教师。Hehasbecomewhathewantedtobetenyearsago.他已经成为了他10年前想成为的。Shehasremainedthereforanhour.她曾在那里停留了一个小时。ShehasremainedwhereIstoodyesterdayforanhour.她一直在我昨天站的地方站了一个小时。whyhecriedyesterday.昨天他为什么哭。howIcanpersuadehertojoinusintheparty.我怎么能说服她加入我们的派对。whethertheenemyismarchingtowardsus.是否敌人正向我们行进.二注意:1.表语从句一定要用陈述语序。False:Thequestioniswhencanhearriveatthehotel.Right:Thequestioniswhenhecanarriveatthehotel.2.不可以用if,而用whether连接表语从句(asif例外)。引导宾语从句时可以互换if/whether位于介词后要用whether,位于句首时要用whether引导表语从句,主语从句,同位语从句时要用whetherFalse:Thequestionisiftheenemyismarchingtowardsus.Right:Thequestioniswhethertheenemyismarchingtowardsus.Right:Itlookedasifhehadunderstoodthisquestion.3.不像宾语从句,在有表语从句的复合句中,主句时态和从句时态可以不一致。Right:ThequestioniswhowilltravelwithmetoBeijingtomorrow.Right:Thequestioniswhyhecriedyesterday.4.that在表语从句中不可以省掉。表语从句的基本用法:表语从句只能置于主句之后,而主句的动词只能是联系动词。名词性从句在be等系动词后作表语时被称为表语从句.例如:Theproblemishowwecangetthethingsweneed.(how在表语从句中充当方式状语)问题是我们怎样能弄到我们需要的东西。ThescissorsarenotwhatIneed.(what在表语从句中充当宾语)这把剪刀不是我所需要的。WhatItoldhimwasthatIwouldfindhimagoodplay.我告诉他的是我会给他找个好剧本。(what在主语从句中作直接宾语,that作为表语从句的引导词在该表语从句中不充当句子成分,不能省略)2Thatiswhyshefailedtopasstheexam.(why在表语从句中充当原因状语)那就是她考试不及格的原因。注意:“Thatiswhy...”是常用句型,意为“这就是……的原因/因此……”,其中why引导的名词性从句在句中作表语,该句型通常用于针对前面已经说明过的原因进行总结,又如:Thatiswhyyouseethisoldwomanbeforeyouknow,Jeanne.(前文提到Jeanne对老妇人显得苍老憔悴深感诧异,说话人对她讲述了其中的原因之后,用这一句来进行概括)。ThatiswhyIcame.这就是我来的原因。下面是两个与“Thatiswhy...”形式相似的结构,它们与“Thatiswhy...”结构之间的关系要能够辨析清楚:(1)“Thatiswhy...”与“Thatisthereasonwhy...”同义,只不过从语法结构上讲,“Thatisthereasonwhy...”中why引导的是—个定语从句,将其中的thereason去掉则与“Thatiswhy...”结构一样,例如:Thatis(thereason)whyIcannotagree.这就是我不能同意的理由。(2)“Thatisbecause...”句型中从属连词because引导的名词性从句在此作表语,这也是个常用句型,意为“这就是为什么……/因为……”。“Thatisbecause...”与“Thatiswhy...”之间的不同在于“Thatisbecause...”指原因或理由,“Thatiswhy...”则指由于各种原因所造成的后果,例如:Hedidnotseethefilmlastnight.Thatisbecausehehadtohelphislittlesisterwithherhomework.昨天晚上他没有去看电影,那是因为他得帮助他的妹妹做作业。(第一句话说明结果,第二句话说明原因)Hehadseenthefilmbefore.Thatiswhyhedidnotseeitlastnight.他以前曾看过那部电影,因此他昨天晚上没有去看。(第一句话说明原因,第二句话说明结果)例题精析:[考题1]Thetraditionalviewis____wesleepbecauseourbrainis“programmed”tomakeusdoso.(2007上海)A.whenB.whyC.whetherD.that[答案]D[考题2]Youaresayingthateveryoneshouldbeequal,andthisis____Idisagree.(2004)A.whyB.whereC.whatD.how[答案]B[考题3]—IdrovetoZhuhaifortheairshowlastweek.—Isthat____youhadafewdaysoff?(1999)A.whyB.whenC.whatD.where[答案]A[考题4]____shecouldn’tunderstandwas____fewerandfewerstudentsshowedinterestinherlessons.(2000上海)A.What;whyB.That;whatC.What;becauseD.Why;that[答案]A[考题5]____madetheschoolproudwas____morethan90%ofthestudentshadbeenadmittedtokeyuniversities.(2003上海春)A.What;becauseB.What;thatC.That;whatD.That;because[答案]B[考题6]—Areyoustillthinkingaboutyesterday’sgame?3—Oh,that’s____.(2003北京春)A.whatmakesmefeelexcitedB.whateverIfeelexcitedaboutC.howIfeelaboutitD.whenIfeelexcited[答案]A表语从句与宾语从句的关系宾语从句和表语从句都属于名词性从句。其作用跟名词在句中的作用相同。故充当宾语的句子叫宾语从句,充当表语的句子叫表语从句。宾语从句(1)对于宾语从句要掌握以下三点①语序:从句的语序必须是陈述句语序,即“主语+谓语”这种形式。②时态:当主句是一般现在时或一般将来时的时候,从句可以是任何时态,而当主句是一般过去时的时候,从句,从句时态必须是过去时范围的时态,即(一般过去时,过去进行时,过去完成时,过去将来时)。③连接词:当从句意思完整,主句意思肯定时,连接词用that,且可以省去,当从句意思完整,主句意思不确定或含否定含意时,常用if或whether(是否),当从句意思不完整时,连接词则是代替不完整部分的特殊疑问词。表语从句在句子中起表语作用的从句叫做表语从句,位于主句系动词的后面。表语从句的引导词和主语从句的引导词相同。也是名词性从句的一种。如:Whatthepolicewanttoknowiswhenyouenredredtheroom警察想知道的是你什么时候进的房间。HisHisfirstquestionwaswhetherMr.Smithhadarrivedyet他的第一个问题是史密斯先生到了没有。注意:从句中的疑问句用正常语序,即陈述语序。asasif,asthough,because也可用来引导表语从句。Sheseemsasifshehaddoneagreatthing她看起来好像做了一件大事。1.Thequestionis________wewillhaveoursportsmeetnextweek.A.thatB.ifC.whenD.whether2.Thereasonwhyhefailedis________hewastoocareless.A.becauseB.thatC.forD.becauseof3.Goandgetyourcoat.It’s________youleftitA.whereB.thereC.therewhereD.wherethere4.Theproblemis_________totaketheplaceofTedA.whocanwegetB.whatwecangetC.whowecangetD.thatwecanget5.WhatIwanttoknowis______helikesthegiftgivenbyus.A.thatB.ifC.whetherD.不填6.Thereasonis_________Imissedthebus.A.thatB.whenC.whyD.what7.Thatis_____wewerelatelasttime.A.thatB.whenC.whyD.what8.Shelooked_________sheweretenyearsyounger.A.thatB.likeC.asD.asthough9.—Ifellsick!--Ithinkitis_______youaredoingtoomuch.A.whyB.whenC.whatD.because10.Thereasonwhyhehasn’tcomeis___________.4A.becausehismotherisillB.becauseofhismother’sbeingillC.thathismotherisillD.forhismotherisill11.—Hewasbornhere.--Thatis_______helikestheplacesomuch.A.thatB.whatC.whyD.how12.Thatis______LuXunoncelived.A.whatB.whereC.thatD.whythat/what的区别1._______yourfatherwantstoknowis________gettingonwithyourstudies.A.What;howareyouB.That;howyouareC.How;thatyouareD.What;howyouare2.Thetroubleis__________weareshortoftools.A.whatB.thatC.howD.whythat3.Americawas__________wasfirstcalled“India”byColumbus.A.whatB.whereC.theplaceD.therewhere4.Chinaisbecomingstrongerandstronger.Itisnolonger_________
本文标题:英语表语从句讲解及练习
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