高考英语二轮复习—阅读理解主旨大意题解题技巧

CollegeEntranceExamination–EnglishReadingComprehension高考英语阅读理解—主旨大意题英语考纲--阅读要求考生能读懂书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文段以及公告、说明、广告等，并能从中获取相关信息。考生应能：（1）理解主旨要义；（2）理解文中具体信息；（3）根据上下文推断单词和短语的含义；（4）做出判断和推理；（5）理解文章的基本结构；（6）理解作者的意图、观点和态度。阅读题型细节理解猜测词义推理判断主旨大意观点态度篇章结构解题技巧细节理解词义猜测推理判断主旨大意观点态度篇章结构主旨大意题考察要点：这类试题主要考查学生把握全文主题和理解中心思想的能力，也包括分析归纳文章的段落大意、重要情节、人物特征、环境特点的能力。这种试题要求考生能把握文章的总体，并真正理解主题和中心句；要求能较好地运用概括、判断、归纳、推理等逻辑思维的方法，难度较大，属于高层次题。主题句（topicsentence）及主旨大意(mainidea)的概括:一篇文章或一个段落一般表达一个中心内容或主题。主题句必须能简洁明了地概括全文或全段的主要内容，具有高度的综合性和概括性。文章或段落的其他句子都是对主题句的进一步解释,说明,论证或扩展.主旨大意题标题文章主旨段落主旨Smokingcigarettesisharmfultoyourhealth.1Experimentsshowthatcigarettesmokingcancausecancer.Besidesthemostseriousandterribledisease(illness),cancer,cigarettesmokingalsocancauseotherhealthproblems.Forexample,itcangiveonea“smoker’scough”.Finally,studieshaveshownitiseasyforcigarettesmokerstocatchcolds.Whetheryougetanunimportantcoldorterriblekiller,cancer,smokingisharmful.Isitworthit?Smokingcigarettesisharmfultoyourhealth.ExampletotrytojudgeapersononlybyhisappearanceSo,itisfoolish2Oftennoonelooksmoreguiltythantheinnocent.Ontheotherhand,nobodymaylookmoreinnocentthanaprofessionalcriminal.Andthemanwhoknows“everything”mayreallyonlybetryingtohidehisownweakness.So,itisfoolishtotrytojudgeapersononlybyhisappearanceExamplecalled“baitandswitchThissalesmethodis”.3Ifyouwereplanningtobuyatelevisionset,thefollowingadvertisementwouldcertainlydrawyourattention:“ColorTV.Only＄79.Twodayssale.Hu--rry.”However,whenyougotothestorereadytobuy.Youmaydiscoverthattheyaresoldout.Buttheshopassistantisquicktotellyouthathehasanothermodel.Amuchbettersetwhichis“justrightforyou”Itcosts＄395.”.Buyersarebaitedwithasalesadvertisement,andthentheyareswitchedtoanothermoreexpensiveone.Buyingthingsonsaleneedscarefulconsiderationofthegoodsandthereasonforthesale.例题called“baitandswitchExampleThissalesmethodis”.4TomstudiedfouryearsattheUniversityofParisanddecidedtoleavebeforehisgraduation.HetransferredtotheUniversityofBerlinandgraduatedwithhonors.HarvardLawSchooland,later,BostonCollegeprovidedhimwithanexcellentlegalbackground.HeispresentlyacorporationlawyerinMiami,Florida.ExampleTomreceivedaexcellenteducation1.What’sthemainpointthewriteristryingtomakeintheparagraph2/…?2.Whatdoesthethird/…paragraphdiscuss?3.Whatismainlydiscussedinparagraph…?4.Paragraph5/…mainlytalksabout___段落主旨QuestionForms主题句的呈现段首提出主题,随之用细节来解释,支撑或发展主题句所表达的主题思想.最常见的演绎法写作方式。段尾通常前面只提出问题，文中的主题由随之陈述的细节或合乎逻辑的引申在文中导出,而后又作进一步的解释,支撑或发展。无主题句即主题句隐含在全段中,没有明确的主题句.必须根据文篇中所提供的事实细节，进行全面考虑，综合分析，归纳成一般概念。必须注意的是，既不能以偏概全，也不能在概括时过于宽泛，要恰如其分。在表述细节后,归纳要点,印象,结论建议或结果,以概括主题.这是英语中最常见的归纳法写作方式。段中detailsParagraphideasPassageidea1)Whatisthetopicsentenceofthepassage?2)Thisarticle/text/passagemainlytellsthat__________.3)Whichofthefollowinggivesageneralideaofthepassage?4)Whichofthefollowingisthemainideaofthepassage?5.Whatisthesubjectdiscussedinthetext?6.Withwhattopicisthepassagechieflyconcerned?文章主旨大意QuestionForms1.新闻报道NewsreportTheleadThebodyExplanationof5W,1HMoredetailsof5W,1HBackgroundandrelevantevents1.BBC,VOACNN,AP,ChinaDaily,Reuters,AFP(AgenceFrancePresse)…2.Payattentiontothetimeandtheplacebeforethepassage注意called3DTouchincludeanewrosegoldoptionandanewscreentechnologyThenewiPhones,calledthe6sand6sPlusSanFrancisco--,.TheiPhone6Sand6SPluscomeinfourfinishes-silver,gold,spacegreyandrosegold-andcomeintwosizesthatmatchlastyear'shandsetsmeasurements.Thephonealsohasanew,muchfasterchipApple'sPhilSchillersaysisthe'fastesteverinaphone'.ItwillcostthesameastheiPhone6and6Plus,from$199,andgoonsaleonSeptember25th.….includeanewrosegoldoptionandanewscreentechnologyExampleThenewiPhones,calledthe6sand6sPluscalled3DTouch.2．说明文的基本结构DescriptivewritingDefinition(Introduction)Description(Explanation)ConclusionExamplesComparisonClassificationreasonswhyyoushouldplanatriphereinthecomingmonths.someofthebestCooltemperatures,goldencolorsofautumnanddramaticeventsarejustthreereasonstovisitOregon’sWashingtonCountythisfall.Theseasonbringsalargenumberofplacestoseeandthingstodo.We’vecollectedIt’saHarvestSeasonAutumnmarkstheheightoftheagriculturalseason,….TheColorsAreChangingOnacool,autumnday,therural,agriculturalandforestedsceneryofOregon’sWashingtonCountycomesalivewithbrightred,orangeandyellowleaves…someofthebest例题Examplereasonswhyyoushouldplanatriphereinthecomingmonths.BirdMigrationSeasonIsinHighSeasonSeptemberandOctoberarebusymonthsforbirdwatchers…ExperienceTree-to-TreeAdventuresatSunsetEnjoythecrisptemperaturesandrichcolorsoftheseasonatTreetoTreeAdventurePark…5.Whichisthemainideaofthepassage?A．SomereasonstovisitOregon’sWashingtonCountyB．WashingtonCountyWelcomesitsBestSeasonC．CharmoftheColorfulSeasonD．TakeAdventuresintheComingAutumnA3.议论文的基本结构ArgumentationTopicArgumentsconclusionOpinionSupportingsentencesfactsexamplestheory论点论据结论Likemostpeople,Iwasbroughtuptolookuponlifeasaprocessofgetting.Itwasnotuntilinmylatethirtiesthat.Youneednotworryifyoulackmoney.ThisishowIexperimentedwithgiving-away.Ifanideaforimprovingthewindowdisplayofaneighborhoodstoreflashestome,Istepinandmakethesuggestiontothestorekeeper.OnediscoveryIma