Confucius & Confucianism孔子及儒家学说英语简介

content1.AbriefintroduceofConfucius2.TheConfucianAnalects3.ThedevelopmentofConfucianism4.ThebasicConfuciandoctrines5.conclusion1.AbriefintroduceofConfuciusChineseName:孔子EnglishName：ConfuciusAlias：ZhongniBirthandDeath：551-479BCNationality：AnativeofZouyi（present-dayQufuinShandongProvince）theStateofLuduringtheSpringandAutumnPeriodOccupation：greatancientthinker,educator,andfounderofConfucianismConfuciusConfuciuswasafamousthinkerandsocialphilosopherofChina,whoseteachingshavedeeplyinfluencedEastAsiaforcenturies.LivingintheSpringandAutumnperiod,hewasconvincedofhisabilitytorestoretheworld'sorder,thoughfailed.AftermuchtravelingaroundChinatopromotehisideasamongrulers,heeventuallybecameinvolvedinteachingdisciples.Hisphilosophyemphasizedpersonalandgovernmentalmorality,correctnessofsocialrelationships,andjusticeandsincerity.Usedsincethenastheimperialorthodoxy,Confucius'thoughtshavebeendevelopedintoavastandcompletephilosophicalsystemknowninthewestasConfucianism.2.TheConfucianAnalectsConfucius’sthoughtsweremainlycollectedintheConfucianAnalect-s,whichreflectConfucius’thoughtsonpoliticsandethics.TheAnalectsisashortcollectionofhisdiscussionswithdisciples(徒弟),compiledposthumously（于死后）.Thesecontainanoverviewofhisteachings.IfyouwanttoknowmoreaboutConfucius,youcanreadtheA-nalectsofConfucius.FamousQuoteIsitnotdelightfultohavefriendscomingfromdistantquarters?有朋自远方来，不亦乐乎？己所不欲，勿施于人。四海之内皆兄弟。学而不思则罔，思而不学则殆。Learningwithoutthoughtislaborlost；thoughtwithoutlearningisperilous.Allmanarebrother.Whatyoudonotwantdonetoyourself,donotdotoothers.3.ThedevelopmentofConfucianismConfucianismisequaltotheChineseRujia,Ruxue,Rujiao.Rumeans“alearnedscholar”.SinceConfuciusandhisdiscipleswerewell-learnedpeople,theideologies（意识形态）putforwardbyConfuciusanddevelopedbyhisdisciplesandlaterfollowersweregiventhenameRuxue.3.ThedevelopmentofConfucianismoriginorthodoxy(正统)transitionperiodcrowningcalamity（灭顶之灾）ConfucianismwascreatedbyConfuciusduringSpringandAutumnperiod.InthecenturiesafterConfucius,(duringtheWarringStatesperiod)MenciusandXunZidevelopedaneffectivescholastictraditionandcodifiedtheprinciplesofConfucianism.......temporarysetback3.ThedevelopmentofConfucianismoriginorthodoxy（正统）transitionperiodcrowningcalamity（灭顶之灾）DuringtheruleofEmperorQinShihuang,Confucianismsufferedacrowningcalamity.Inordertounifypeople'sthoughtandconsolidatehisrule,helaunchedtheactivityofburningbooksandburyingaliveConfucianscholars.......temporarysetback3.ThedevelopmentofConfucianismoriginorthodoxy(正统)transitionperiodcrowningcalamity（灭顶之灾）InHandynasty,Confucianismwasrevived.ItwaschosenbyEmperorWuoftheHandynastyandusedasapoliticalsystemandakindofstatereligion.Thenewbureaucratic（官僚的）stateestablishedbythedespotmadeanalliancewithConfucianism.MoreandmoreConfuciandoctrineandsponsoredConfucianscholarsareusedinthecourt.......temporarysetback3.ThedevelopmentofConfucianismorigintemporarysetbackorthodoxy（正统）transitionperiodcrowningcalamity（灭顶之灾）BytherivalphilosophiesofTaoism(道家)andbuddhism（佛学），thephilosophysufferedatemporarysetback.Nevertheless,theConfucianclassicscontinuedtobethechiefsourceoflearningforscholars,andwiththerestorationofpeaceandprosperityintheTangdynasty,thespreadofConfucianismwasencouraged.......3.ThedevelopmentofConfucianismoriginorthodoxy（正统）transitionperiodcrowningcalamity（灭顶之灾）DuringtheSongandMingdynasty,Confucianismwasdividedintotwobranches.Theoneistheneo-ConfuciansofChengZhu.AnotheristhephilosophyofthemindofLuandWang.ThenewConfucianismwasestablishedonthefoundationlaidbymencius.Zhuxi，WangyangmingandotherNeo-ConfucianscombinedTaoistandbuddhistideas.......temporarysetback4.ThebasicConfuciandoctrinesConfucianclassicalworksTheAnalectsofConfucius《论语》TheGreatLearning《大学》TheDoctrineoftheMean《中庸》Mencius《孟子》FourBooks四书BookofChanges《易经》ClassicofPoetry《诗经》ClassicofHistory《书经》ClassicofRites《礼经》FiveClassics/Canons五经BookofSpringandAutumn《春秋》5.conclusionAsoneofChina'smostfamousculture，WearestronglyinfuencedbyConfucianism.Ithelpsusestablishastandardofmoralandthewayasaperson.Itteachesushowtorecognizsocietyandhowtogetalongwithothers.Today,inordertomaintainthepeaceofsocietyandpromoteChineseculturetopreventusfromoutsideculture’sinvasion,it'stimeforustoprotectourownculture.2020/3/23