句法4.定语从句

定语从句定语分类：定语前置：单个形容词或物主代词。It’saredapple.It’saLucy’sbook.定语后置：短语或句子。Thefruitonthedeskisanapple.ThegirlinpinkisMary.Thisistheapplewhichfellonnewton’shead.一、定语从句定义：1.由一个句子来充当定语2.被修饰的词叫“”3.连接主句和从句的词叫“”。先行词关系词二、考点：定“关系词”关系代词：who,whom,which,whose关系副词：when,where,whywhat不是关系词！二、考点：定“关系词”口诀先行词是人缺宾Who/whom先行词是物that“万金油”，选择动词要考虑时态语态词组完整性，如askto关系词作宾语可以省略，做主语不能省略。缺主只用Who宾主which来帮助宾主都能用（人或物）二、考点：定“关系词”1.who,whom,which代替人或物，在从句中做主语或宾语。1.TheboysitsnexttoTomisPeter.坐在Tom旁边的男孩是Peter.☞定语从句修饰谁就放谁后面。2.LiuqianisamagicianIwanttoseebest.刘谦是（我最想见的）魔术师。whowho/whom/空二、考点：定“关系词”3.HaibaoisthemascotoftheworldEXPOisholdinShanghai.海宝是（在上海举办的）世博会的吉祥物。☞先行词是物，则关系词无论在定语中做主语还是宾语，都用which.4.ArabianNightsisoneofthebookschildrenlikebest.《一千零一夜》是（孩子们最喜欢的）书之一。whichwhich/空典型例句：Thegirlwemetyesterdayisauniversitystudent.Thisistheperson/manwrotetoyou.who/whom/空who二、考点：定“关系词”2.that做主语或宾语⑴可代替who,whom,which,但介词后不能用。宾语动宾：介宾：不能用that不能用that二、考点：定“关系词”2.that做主语或宾语⑵只用that的情况①先行词有人又有物Doyouknowthepersonsandthethingsthattheyaretalkingabout?②当先行词被形容词最高级、theonly,thevery,thelast等修饰，用thatThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveeverseen.Thisistheonlythingthatwecandonow.HeistheonlyteacherthatcanspeakFrenchinourschool.二、考点：定“关系词”2.that做主语或宾语⑵只用that的情况③当先行词被序数词修饰Tomisalwaysthefirststudentthatarrivesschool.④不定代词做先行词YoushoulddoeverythingthatItoldyou.Everythingthatyouaskedtodoisright.二、考点：定“关系词”2.that做主语或宾语－总结总结①即有人又有物②被最高级和theonly,thevery,thelast等修饰③当先行词被序数词修饰④不定代词做先行词不定代词：every,some,any,never,none口语时，不定代词指人，有时用who/whom.二、考点：定“关系词”常用比较级和最高级：goodbetterbestbadworseworstlittlelessleastfewfewerfewestmanymoremost二、考点：定“关系词”3.whose：在定语从句中做定语，后跟名词Thisisthegirlwhoseparentsareengineers.ThemascotwhosenameisHaiBaoislovely.二、考点：定“关系词”4.when,where,why：在定语从句中做状语October.1stisthedaywhenthePRCwasfounded.☞ThePRCwasfoundedontheday.ThemodernschoolistheplacewhereteacherFunnywork.Doyouknowthereasonwhyheissotired.☞Funnyworksin/attheplace.二、考点：定“关系词”4.when,where,why：在定语从句中做状语口诀时间+状when来帮地点+状where挡原因+状why要忙findfoundfoundfoundfoundedfounded发现建立★决定关系词的三个步骤：1.先找定语从句，标（）2.找先行词，标△3.判断先行词在定语从句中的成分关键三、判断成分的方法和技巧1.△(主Be/助/情/V……)who/which/that2.△(定单n……)whose3.△(介词宾……)whom/which因为介词后只跟宾格，不使用that三、判断成分的方法和技巧ThisisthepopsingerIwanttotakephotoswith.who/whom/that/空ThisisthepopsingerwithIwanttotakephotos.whomIdon’tknowthethingstheyaretalkingabout.which/that/空Idon’tknowthethingsabouttheyaretalking.which四、宾语和状语的判断when=(时间)介词+whichwhere=(地点)介词+whichwhy=forwhich(定语从句中)谓语动词+先行词句子成立→宾语句子不成立→状语翻译成汉语，如果有“在”，就是状语，没有就是宾语。四、宾语和状语的判断Thisisthefactorywevisitedlastweek.Thisisthefactorymybrotherworks.whereAugust.8.2008isthedaythe29thOlympicsbegan.whenAugust.8.2008isthedaywecan’tforget.which/空which/that/空Mybrotherworksinthefactory.The29tholympicbeganat(on)August.8.2008.我哥哥工作在那个工厂。29届奥运会在2008年8月8日开幕。四、宾语和状语的判断Thisisthefactorywheremybrotherworks.=Thisisthefactorywhichmybrotherworksin.August.8.2008isthedaywhenthe29thlympicsbegan.=August.8.2008isthedaywhichthe29thlympicsbeganon.where=inwhichwhen=onwhich四、宾语和状语的判断ThepersonwhoistalkingwithTomismynewteacher.ThepersonwhomTomistalkingwithismynewteacher.Thisisthegirlofwhomyoushouldtakecare.复合句合并方法1.找两句中的相同部分，定先行词和定语从句2.定关系词