名词性从句之宾语从句与表语从句

名词性从句主语+be+表语主语+do+宾语名词名词名词性从句•名词性从句在功能上相当于名词主语{Hisjobisimportant.Whathedoesisimportant.表语Thisishisjob.Thisiswhathedoeseveryday.{宾语{Idon’tlikehisjob.Idon’tlikewhathedoeseveryday.同位语{Idon’tknowabouttheman,Mr.White.Idon’tknowaboutthefactthatheisateacher.什么叫名词性从句？•在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句(NounClauses）•名词从句的功能相当于名词词组,它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语等•因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句名词性从句nounclause主语从句subjectclause宾语从句objectclause表语从句predicativeclause同位语从句appositiveclause连接词1.只起连接作用不作任何成分______、______和_____.其中whether和if有是否之意。e.g.Sheaskedmeshecouldborrowthesebooks.Hetoldustheyweregooddoctors.2.连接代词作主语、宾语、表语和定语指事物______和______区别_______无范围；_______有范围，强调哪一个。指人________、_________和__________;3.连接副词作状语指时间_________地点_________原因___________方式____________thatif/whetherthatwhetherifwhatwhichwhatwhichwhowhomwhosewhenwherewhyhow疑问词+ever与疑问词的区别是什么？疑问词+ever=anythingthat或anyonewho/whomObjectClauses宾语从句宾语从句的概念：宾语从句在复合句中作主句的宾语。句子结构：主句+连词（引导词）+宾语从句一、连词（引导词）1.当宾语从句是陈述句时（包括肯定句和否定句），连词由that引导，因为that在从句中不作任何成分，也没有任何具体意思，因此在口语或非正式文体中常省略LinTaofeels(that)hisownteamisevenbetter.Shesays(that)shewon’ttakepartinthesportsmeetingnextSunday.Jimthought(that)thetrainwaslikeabigmovingparty.•☺宾语从句中的连接词that在以下三种情况下不能省略：•（1）当that从句与另一名词性从句并列作宾语时，第二个that不能省；•（2）当that作介词(except,but,in)宾语时，that不可省掉。•（3）用it做形式宾语的宾语从句•Everyoneknewwhathappenedandthatshewasworried.•Thereasonliesinthatsheworksharderthantheothersdo.•IthinkitnecessarythatyoushouldreadEnglishaloud.常见的it作形式宾语的结构有find/make/think/consider/believe/feel+it+adj./n.+that从句/todo/doing☺在主句为动词be加某些形容词（如sorry,sure,afraid,glad等）作表语时，后面所跟的省略that的从句也可算是宾语从句I’msorry(that)Idon’tknow.We’resure(that)ourteamwillwin.I’mafraid(that)hewon’tpasstheexam.That作连接词时，除少数介词外，从句一般不能作介词的宾语。that引导的从句如果作其他介词的宾语，需用it作形式宾语，而把that从句后置。e.g.YoumaydependonitthatIwillalwaysloveyou.类似用法e.g.①Ihateitwhenpeoplespeakwiththeirmouthfull.②Iappreciateitifyouhelpmewithmyhomework.☺demand,order,suggest,decide,insist,desire,request,command等表示要求、命令、建议、决定等意义的动词后，宾语从句中谓语常用“should+动词原形”should可以省略。Thecommanderorderedthattroops(should)setoffatonce.Theycommandedourcellphones___duringthemeeting.AturnedoffBcouldbeturnedoffCbeturnedoffDturnoff☺注意动词doubt的否定结构和疑问句才可以接that从句。Idon’tdoubtthathewillbeagainsttheidea.Idoubtwhether/ifhewillbeagainsttheidea.DoyoudoubtthatIcanfinishitontime?C2.当宾语从句是一般疑问句时，由连词whether或if引导（口语中常用if），因为if/whether翻译成：“是否”，具有一定的意义，所以不能省略Lilywantedtoknowif/whetherhergrandmalikedthehandbag.Let’sseeif/whetherwecanfindoutsomeinformationaboutthatcity.Sheaskedmeif/whethershecouldborrowthesebooks.whether与if的辨用•表“是否”时，在下列情况下用whether。•a.主语从句b.表语从句c.同位语从句d.介词后的宾语从句e.后接动词不定式(whethertodosth.)f.whetherornot连在一起引导宾语从句时不用ifPracticetimeif/whether1.Iaskedher__________shehadabike.3.We’reworriedabout________heissafe.4.Idon’tknow___________heiswellornot.5.Idon’tknow________ornotheiswell.8.Idon’tknow_______togo.if/whetherwhetherwhether/ifwhetherwhether3.当宾语从句是特殊疑问句时，由连接代词（what,who,whom,which,whose）或连接副词（when,where,how,why）引导，因为连接代词或连接副词在从句中担任一定的句子成分，具有一定的意义，所以不可以省略Doyouknowwhathesaidjustnow?Idon’trememberwhenwearrived.IaskedhimwhereIcouldgetsomuchmoney.Pleasetellmewho(whom)wehavetosee.Doyouknowwhattimetheplaneleaves?带how的词组也都可以引导宾语从句Couldyoutellushowoftenyougoabroadforaholiday?Couldyoutellushowlongthemeetingwilllast?Idon’tknowhowfaritistothecinema.Pleasetellushowmanystudentsthereareinyourschool?Canyoutellushowoldhisbrotheris?Pleasetellushowsoonyouwillbeready.CouldyoutellushowmuchitcoststoflytoHainan?二、时态1.如果主句是现在的时态（包括一般现在时，现在进行时，现在完成时），从句的时态可根据实际情况而定，（包括一般现在时，一般过去时，一般将来时，现在完成时等）Iknowheliveshere.Iknowhelivedheretenyearsago.Ihaveheardthathewillcometomorrow.2.如果主句是过去的时态（包括一般过去时，过去进行时），那么从句的时态一定要用相对应的过去的某种时态（包括一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时）Iknewwholivedhere.Isawshewastalkingwithhermother.Heaskedwhetherhisfatherwouldcomebacktomorrow.Hesaidthathehadseenit.3.当从句是客观真理，定义，公理，定理时用一般现在时。Theteachersaidthatthesuntravelsaroundtheearth.•宾语从句的时态一致：主句--过去,宾从--过去例外:主句--过去，宾从--一般现在(真理性事实)Mymothertoldmethesun____fromtheeast.TomaskedmewhyKFC_____itspriceagain.(raise,rise)risesraised1.Theradiosaysit_______cloudytomorrow.(be)2.Theheadmasterhopeseverything______well.(go)3.Tomsaysthatthey_________(play)basketballatsixo’clockyesterdayevening.4.Ihearthey__________(return)italready.5.Hesaidthatthey_________membersofthePartysince1948.(be)willbegoeswereplayinghavereturnedhadbeen6.Ididn’tknowwhattimehe_______theletter.(write)7.Couldyoutellmewho_________awaythebookalready?(take)8.LingFengtoldmehe_________totheGreatWallseveraltimes.(be)wrotehastakenhadbeen三、语序宾语从句的语序用陈述语序：连接词+主语+谓语+其他成分•wh-词+陈述语序连接代词:who,what连接副词:when,where,why,how《我是谁》《忘了我是谁》whoamI?forgetwhoIam《你是谁》《忘了你是谁》whoareyou?forgetwhoyouare1.Whenwillhegotothelibrary?Hisbrotheraskswhenhewillgotothelibrary.Hisbrotheraskswhenwillhegotothelibrary.2.Whatdoeshewanttobuy?Idon’tknowwhathewantstobuy.Idon’tknowwhatdoeshewanttobuy.1.Shesaidshe_____onmeatthecomingweekend.AwillcallBwouldcallCisgoingtocallDwasabouttocall2.Whenchanginglanes,adrivershouldusehisturningsignaltoletotherdriversknow____.AheisenteringwhichlaneBwhichlan