初中英语知识归纳(重点单词短语+用法归类+易混淆词辨析)

2015中考冲刺（重点单词短语+用法归类+易混淆词辨析）1.冠词，aan重点记忆anapple\orange\Englishbook\ice-cream\interesting\engineer\eye\umbrella\hour\honest\honor\elephant\apartment\international\unusualauseful\university\usual\uniform\European2..cost/take/spend/pay花费花费时间做某事：Ittakessbsometimetodosth.=sbspendsometime（in）doingsth.=sbspendsometimeonsth.某人花钱买某物：sbspendsomemoneyonsth.=sbpaysomemoneyforsth.=sthcostsb.somemoney.※spend和pay主语都是人，cost主语是物。※spent还可以指“度过”→Howdidyouspendyourweekend?1Thesweater________me90yuan.=I_______90yuanforthesweater.=I_____90yuanonthesweater.2Hespentlotsofmoney________themobilephone.It________her20minutestogohomeeveryday.=He________20minutes________homeeveryday.3.thanksfor　为…而感谢　　　　⑴______invitingmetoyourbirthdayparty.thanksto多亏/由于⑵______yourhelp.Igotgoodgrades4.因为、由于：because(连词)+从句：(表示原因)becauseof（介词短语）+名词（短语）=thanksto⑴Ididn’tgotoschool______Ihadaheadache.2Hewaslateforclass______thebadweather.3Hecan’tcome_____heisill.4Manypeoplehaveacold_____thecoldweather.because和so不能同时连用.5.Howoften对频率提问（多久一次）→回答用表示频率的副词或短语Howlong对一段时间提问（多久）→回答用表示一段时间的状语Howsoon对将来时间提问（多久）→回答用in+时间段Howfar询问多长距离（多长）⑴-______haveyoubeencollectingthekites?-Fortenyears.⑵-______doyougoshopping?-Sometimes.⑶-______willyourfathercomeback?-Intwoyears.⑷-_____doyouexercise?-Onceaweek.⑸-_____isitfromyourhometoschool?-Abouttenmiles.⑹-_____areyoustayingthere?-Twoweeks.6.乘交通工具：takea/the+交通工具在句中作谓语by+交通工具=ona交通工具在句中作方式状语交通工具有：train/bus/car/taxi/boat/subway/plane…⑴Hetakesabustobank.=Hegoestobankbybus.=Hegoestobankonabus.⑵Iwalktoschool.=Igotoschool______.※骑自行车、马或驴用ride：rideone’sbike/rideahorse/rideadonkeyinone’scar7.到达…reach+地点getto+地点reach=gettoarrive+in+大地点arrive+at+小地点⑴HereachedLondonyesterday.=He______toLondonyesterday.=He______inLondonyesterday.⑵Shearrived______thebusstationjustnow.⑶Youshould______(get)homeontime.※当getto和arriveat/in后接地点副词时，都不加介词。如：gethomegetthere省略to8..win（赢得）接agame、war、amatch、aprizebeat(打败、战胜)接运动员、球队、对手等。⑴Whichteam______thefootballmatch?⑵WangHao______MaLinand______thechampionoftheMen’sSingles.9..借borrowsth.fromsb=borrowsb.sth向某人借某物→borrow借入lendsth.tosb=lendsb.sth把某物借给某人→lend借出keep延续性动词，与一段时间连用。⑴Canyoulendmeyourbike?=Canyou______yourbike______me?⑵Youcanborrowsomemoney____yourbrother.=Youcanborrowyourbrother________.⑶-HowlongcanI______thebook?-Youcan_____itfortwoweeks.10.toomany太多—修饰可数名词复数→Ihavetoomanyrulesinmyhouse.toomuch太多—修饰不可数名词→Maybeyouhavetoomuchyin.muchtoo太—后跟形容词或副词原级→Thiscoatismuchtooexpensive.⑴Eating___________isbadforyourhealth.⑵It’s____________coldtoday.You’dbetternotgoout.⑶Thereare____________studentsinthehallways.It’sdangerous.11.属于：belongto+名词/人称代词宾格（属于）be+名词所有格/名词性物主代词（是）⑴Itmust______Ning’s.=Itmust_________Ning.⑵Thepencilmustbe______(my).=Thepencilmustbelongto______(my).⑶Thisball______tome.=Thisballis______.12.thenumberof+名词复数（…的数量）作主语，谓语用单数。anumberof+名词复数（许多、一些）=many⑴Thenumberofstudentsinourclass______80.⑵______numberofstudentsareinHelinMiddleSchool.13..for+一段时间since+时间点/过去时的句子⑴WehavebeenstudyingEnglish______threeyears.⑵Hehasbeenstayinghere______hewasfiveyearsold..⑶Wehaven’tseeneachother______tenyearsago.※for和since可以相互转换。如：Jennyhasbeencollectingcoinsforseveralyears.=Jennyhasbeencollectingcoinssinceseveralyears______.14.否定祈使句Don’t+v.No+v.ing/n.⑴Don’tsmokehere.=____________here.⑵Don’ttakephotos.=____________.15.sometimes不时；有时（是一般现在时的标志词）→SometimesIgotoschoolbybus.sometimes几次（此时time是可数名词，意为“次数”）→HehasbeentoShanghaisometimes.sometime某个时间（表示在过去或将来的某个时候）→Isawhimsometimelastyear.sometime一段时间（此时time是不可数名词）→Hewillstayhereforsometime.⑴Wearegoingtohaveaparty________nextweek.⑵_______theboyislateforschool.⑶Hespent_________incuttinghair.Sohemissedtheearlybus.⑷LiJunhasbeentoBird’sNest_________.16.穿戴：“wear+衣服/鞋帽/眼镜等（强调状态）→Ourteacheroftenwearsapairofglasses.puton+衣服/鞋帽/眼镜等（强调动作）→Kateputsonherhatandgoesout.bein+颜色/服饰（强调状态）→Thegirlinredismysister.dress+人/反身代词(给某人穿)→Shedressesherdaughtereverymorning.⑴You’dbetter______yourcoat.⑵Shewas_______aflowerinherhair.⑶Theboy______whiteismyfriend.⑷Heistooyoungto______himself.⑸MissLioften_____thewhitesportsshoes.※dress当表示状态时常用bedressedin+衣物（穿着…颜色的衣服）→Heisdressedinablackcoat.他常穿着黑色的外套。17.speak指说话的能力，也可表示“演讲、发言”。其后可以接语言类词汇。say强调说的内容。saysth.tosb.→Pleasesayhellotohim.talk指相互之间的谈话。talkto/withsb表示与某人交谈，talkaboutsb/sth表示“谈论某人/某事”。→Sheistalkingwithherboss.tell侧重指“告诉”，后接双宾语或复合宾语：tellsb.sth.→Pleasetellmethetime.tellsb(not).todosth.→Shetoldmetowaitforher.※tell可以和lie,story搭配。如:tellalie/tellastory/tellajoke/tellatruth.⑴Fromhisfacewecouldseethathewas_____alie.⑵Sheis______atthemeeting.⑶Fangfang_____sheisathome.⑷Theyare______abouttheweather.⑸Hecan’t_____itinFrench,buthecan_____English.18.one…theother一个…另一个some…others一些…另一些（另一些并不包括全部）some…theothers一些…其他的（其他的包括剩下的全部）⑴Ihavetwobrothers,_____isateacher,_______isadoctor.⑵_____studentsareintheclassroom,________areout.⑶Attheparty,______aredancing,______aresinging19.onone’s+序数词+birthday（在某人几岁生日时）inone’s+整十的基数词的复数（在某人几十多岁时）⑴Edisoninventedmanythingsinhis_______(twenty).⑵Onmy______(twenty)birthday.Igotanewmobilephone.20.辨析不定代词：either；neither；each；both等either两者其一；neither两者都不+名词（单数）+动词（单数）e