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OfStudies翻译与鉴赏LecturedbyZhuJianping作者简介、主要内容和文体风格1.作者简介FrancisBacon(1561-1626):文艺复兴时期英国著名哲学家和散文家;英国唯物主义哲学奠基人,近代实验科学的先驱;崇尚科学,提倡从研究事实中归纳出结论,反对从概念到概念的演绎。2.主要内容1)读书的作用;2)读书的方法。3.文体风格1)多排句、类比、短句、省略句;2)文字紧凑简洁,文句机智精辟,分析周密深刻,“颇似我国唐宋某些古文大师的风格”3)格言警句俯拾即是4)文词古雅1Studiesservefor1delight,forornament2,andforability.Theirchiefusefordelight,isinprivatenessandretiring3;forornament,isindiscourse4;andforability,isinthejudgement,anddispositionofbusiness5.释义1servefor起……作用,被用作(servethepurposeofstudy)2ornament装饰/装饰品;此处指多读书可以旁征博引,显得有才学。3privateness私有/秘密/不公开/(地方等)隔绝/隐蔽/幽僻retiring=retirement退休/职/役;离群索居/孑然独处privatenessandretiring→幽居独处4discourse演讲/讲道;谈话/交谈5disposition(安排/布置/处理management)ofbusiness(事情/事务)Studiesservefordelight,forornament,andforability.Theirchiefusefordelight,isinprivatenessandretiring;forornament,isindiscourse;andforability,isinthejudgement,anddispositionofbusiness.译文1:读书给人乐趣、文雅和能力。人们独居或退隐的时候,最能体会到读书的乐趣;谈话的时候,最能表现出读书的文雅;判断和处理事物的时候,最能发挥由读书而获得的能力。译文2:读书可以怡情养性,可以摭1拾文采,可以增长才干。在幽居独处时,最能体现其怡情养性的作用;在友朋交谈中,最能体现其摭拾文采的作用;在处世论事之际,最能体现其增长才干的作用。译文3:读书足以怡情,足以傅2彩,足以长才。其怡情也,最见于独处幽居之时;其傅彩也,最见于高谈阔论之中;其长才也,最见于处世判事之际。1摭(zhí):拾取/摘取(pickup;gather)2傅:涂抹(如“傅粉”)2Forexpertmen1canexecute2,andperhapsjudgeofparticulars3,onebyone;butthegeneralcounsels4,andtheplots,andmarshallingofaffairs5,comebestfromthosethatarelearned.1专家/能手/内行/阅历丰富的人2carryout/performanaction;toputintoeffect执行3aseparatecaseoranindividualthingorinstance,especiallyonethatcanbedistinguishedfromalargercategoryorclass.Oftenusedintheplural细节/部分/个别问题4counsel:somethingthatprovidesdirectionoradviceastoadecisionorcourseofaction忠告/劝告/建议generalcounsel总的计划/大计5plots:asecretschemetodosomething(especiallysomethingunderhandorillegal(秘密)计划/密谋/谋划/出谋划策marshal:arrangeinlogicalorder;makereadyforactionoruse安排/使准备行动/统率/管理affairs事务theplots,andmarshallingofaffairs对事务的计划和安排Forexpertmen1canexecute2,andperhapsjudgeofparticulars3,onebyone;butthegeneralcounsels4,andtheplots,andmarshallingofaffairs5,comebestfromthosethatarelearned.译文1:那些有实际经验而没有学识的人,也许能够一一实行或判断某些事物的细微末节,但对于事业的一般指导、筹划与处理,还是真正有学问的人才能胜任。译文2:阅历丰富的人虽能逐一判断或处理具体问题,但出谋划策,统筹全局,唯有博学之士最能胜任。译文3:练达之士虽能分别处理细事或一一判别枝节,然纵观统筹、全局策划,则舍好学深思者莫属。3Tospendtoomuchtimeinstudies,issloth1;tousethemtoomuchforornament,isaffectation2;tomakejudgementwhollybytheirrules3,isthehumour4ofascholar.1懒散/懒惰2装模作样/故弄玄虚//矫揉造作矫情3完全按规则/规章/规定/条例;完全按书本的条条框框4acharacteristic(habitualorrelativelytemporary)stateoffeeling心境/情绪/性情/脾气(古义),此处指怪癖Tospendtoomuchtimeinstudies,issloth1;tousethemtoomuchforornament,isaffectation2;tomakejudgementwhollybytheirrules3,isthehumour4ofascholar.译文1:耗费过多时间去读便是迟滞,过分用学问自炫便是矫揉造作,而全凭学理判断一切,则是书呆子的癖好。译文2:读书费时过多则懒散;过于追求文采显得矫揉造作;全凭书中条条框框论事,未免书生气过重。译文3:读书费时过多易惰,文采藻饰太盛则矫,全凭条文断事乃学究故态。4They1perfect2nature3,andareperfectedbyexperience:fornaturalabilities4arelikenaturalplants,thatneedproyning5bystudy;andstudiesthemselvesdogiveforth6directionstoomuchatlarge7,except8they1beboundedin9byexperience.1=studies2使完美/完善/改善3天然/天性/性格/性质4天生的能力5proyning(古)=pruning=cultivation修剪枝叶/栽培6giveforth发出(气味)/发表(意见等)7(toomuch)atlarge(过于)笼统/含糊/任意/不着边际/不具体8(古义)=unless9bound(vt.):限制/制约beboundedin(adv.)=bechecked限制They1perfect2nature3,andareperfectedbyexperience:fornaturalabilities4arelikenaturalplants,thatneedproyning5bystudy;andstudiesthemselvesdogiveforth6directionstoomuchatlarge7,excepttheybeboundedin8byexperience.译文1:学问能美化人性,经验又能充实学问。天生的植物需要人工修剪,人类的本性也需要学问诱导,而学问本身又必须以经验来规范,否则便太迂阔了。译文2:须知读书固可补天然之不足,而经验又补读书之不足。因为天生才干犹如天然花木,需靠读书修枝剪叶。而书本知识如不以经验相制约,其教导也难免过于笼统。译文3:读书补天然之不足,经验又补读书之不足,盖天生才干犹如自然花草,读书然后知如何修剪移接;而书中所示,如不以经验范之,则又大而无当。5Craftymen1condemnstudies,simplemen2admirethem,andwisemenusethem;fortheyteachnottheirownuse3;butthat4isawisdomwithout5them6,andabovethem,wonbyobservation.1有手艺的人/有一技之长的人/掌握了技术的人2迟钝的人/头脑简单的人/无知的人/浅薄的人3they=studies;学问本身并不教人如何使用它们4=theirownuse书本的用处5=outside6=studies书本/学问Craftymen1condemnstudies,simplemen2admirethem,andwisemenusethem;fortheyteachnottheirownuse3;butthat4isawisdomwithout5them6,andabovethem,wonbyobservation.译文1:技巧的人轻视学问,浅薄的人惊服学问,聪明的人却能利用学问。因为学问本身并不曾把它的用途教给人,至于如何去应用它,那是在学问之外,超越学问之上、由观察而获得的一种聪明呢!译文2:有实际才干的人鄙薄书本;头脑简单的人羡慕书本;只有聪明人才会运用书本。因为书籍本身并不教人如何运用,运用之道,乃在书外,且高于书本,唯有通过观察才能学到。译文3:有一技之长者鄙读书,无知者羡读书,唯明智之士用读书,然书并不以用处告人,用书之智不在书中,而在书外,全凭观察得之。6Readnottocontradictandconfute;nortobelieveandtakeforgranted;nortofindtalkanddiscourse;buttoweighandconsider.译文1:读书不是为着要辩驳,也不是要盲目信从,更不是去找寻谈话的资料,而是要去权衡和思考。译文2:读书时不可存心与作者辩难,不可以轻信盲从,也不可寻章摘句,作为谈助,而须权衡与琢磨。译文3:读书时不可存心诘难作者,不可尽信书上所言,亦不可只为寻章摘句,而应推敲细思。7Somebooksaretobetasted,otherstobeswallowed,andsomefewtobechewedanddigested;thatis,somebooksaretobereadonlyinparts;otherstoberead,butnotcuriously1;andsomefewtobereadwholly,andwithdiligenceandattention.Somebooksalsomaybereadbydeputy2,andextractsmadeofthembyothers3;butthatwouldbe4,onlyinthelessimportantarguments,andthemeanersortofbook;else5distilledbooks6arelikecommondistilledwaters,flashy7things.1(古义)=attentively/carefully2由人代读;deputy:apersonappointedorempoweredtoactforanother代理人3=youmayreadtheextractsmadeofthembyothers4=oughttobe5
本文标题:Of Studies翻译与鉴赏
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