英语电影赏析

Narrative,story,andplotarethebasictermsusedwhenanalyzingthenarrativestructure（叙事结构）ofafilm.Althoughtheyaresometimesusedinterchangeably(可交换的)，theyalsohavemoreprecisemeaningsthatcanhelpustodrawsomeusefuldistinction.DavidBordwellandKrisinThomasinFilmArt—AnIntroduction《电影艺术入门)definethemasfollows:Narrative（storyline)Achainofeventsincause-effectrelationships(因果关系)occurringintimeandspace.StoryAlltheeventsthatweseeandhear,plusallthosethatweinferorassumetohaveoccurred,arrangedintheirpresumedcausalrelations,chronologicalorder,duration,frequencyandspatiallocations.PlotAlltheeventsthataredirectlypresentedtous,includingtheircausalrelations,chronologicalorder,duration,frequency,andspatiallocations.Narrative（storyline)AteenagerboynamedPilosthisfamilyinshipwreckanddriftonPacificOceanfor227days……StoryThesecondstoryor“yourstoryofPi”PlotAyoungmanwhosurvivesadisasteratseaishurtledintoanepicjourneyofadventureanddiscovery.Whilecastaway,heformsanunexpectedconnectionwithanothersurvivor:afearsomeBengaltiger.(FromIMDB）-thefirststoryThekeydistinctionisthatbetweenstoryandplot:Storyistheviewer'sofalltheeventsinthenarrative—whetherpresentedtousornot—whileplotisthefilm’sactualpresentationofcertaineventsinthenarrative.WriterssuchasRoryJohnstonhavearguedthattherearealimitednumberofstoriesthatformthebasisforallfictionalnarratives.Thesestorieshavebeennamedasfollows.*Theycanoccuror*ThesestorycategoriesshouldbeinterpretedquiteAchillesCandidCinderellaCirceFaust阿喀琉斯康迪德灰姑娘喀耳刻浮士德OrpheusRomeoandJulietTristantheWanderingJew俄尔普斯罗密欧与朱丽叶特里斯坦流浪的犹太人AchillesThe“Achilles”storyisthestoryoftheseeminglyinvulnerable(不会受伤的，无懈可击的)herowithafatalflaw.ClassicaltragedyisusuallyavariantoftheAchillesstory.AchilleswasaGreekheroandgreatestwarrioroftheTrojanWar.LaterlegendsstatethatAchilleswasinvulnerableinallofhisbodyexceptforhisheel.Becauseofhisdeathfromasmallwoundintheheel,thetermAchilles'heelhascometomeanaperson'spointofweakness.SupermanFatalFlaw:kryptonite氪气石concernwiththepeoplehelovesandcares1.Aflawlesshero?2.FatalflawsofhumanbeingsGreedJealousySluggishnessPrejudiceArroganceCandideThestoryoftheinnocentabroad,thenativelyoptimisticherowhotriumphscontrarytoallexpectationsMr.Bean'sHoliday(2007)Mr.BeanwinsatriptoCanneswhereheunwittinglyseparatesayoungboyfromhisfatherandmusthelpthetwocomebacktogether.OnthewayhediscoversFrance,bicycling,andtruelove,amongotherthings.EnglishVinglish印式英语(2012)Thestoryofaquiet,sweettemperedhousewifewhoenduressmallslightsfromherwelleducatedhusbandanddaughtereverydaybecauseofherinabilitytospeakandunderstandEnglish.Sheisresourcefulandopen-mindedbutsomehowthesetraitsdon'tgetnoticedbythem.ThenonedayonatriptovisithersisterinManhattanshedecidestoenrollinanEnglishLearnersclassandmeetsahostofnewpeoplewhoteachhertovalueherselfbeyondthenarrowperspectiveofherfamily.ForrestGump（1994）CinderellaThestoryofthe“dreamcomestrue”:Goodnessandvirtuearedespised（轻视）atthebeginningbutrecognizedatlast.TheprotagonistoftheCinderellastoryusuallybeginsinalowlypositionbut,throughhisgoodnature,convincesalldoubters(怀疑者)andisrewarded.Zootopia（2016）1950200220072015Myfairlady(1964)ThePrincessDiaries(2001)Prettywoman(1990)ThePursuitofHappyness(2006)Question：IsGreatGatsbyaCinderellastory?CirceThe“chase”storyinwhichaninnocentvictimispursuedbythevillain,untilthevillainisdefeatedbythepotentialvictim.Oftenthisstorytakestheformofthetemptress(诱惑男人的女性）ensnaring(诱捕)thelove-struck(被爱情冲昏了头的)male;ithasoftenbeenvividlydescribedas“thespiderandthefly”.Itisthebasisofhorrorfilms,thrillers,andfilmnoir(黑色电影).VictimV.S.VillainWhoisthespider？SpiderV.S.FlyFatalattraction(1987)HappilymarriedNewYorklawyerDanhasanaffairwithhiscolleagueAlex,andthetwoenjoyaloveweekendwhileDan'swifeandkidareaway.ButAlexwillnotletgoofhim,andshewillstopatnothingtohavehimforherself.Justhowfarwillshegotogetwhatshewants?(fromIMDB)Gonegirl(2004)Withhiswife'sdisappearancehavingbecomethefocusofanintensemediacircus,amanseesthespotlightturnedonhimwhenit'ssuspectedthathemaynotbeinnocent.BlackCoal，ThinIce(2014)Anexcopandhisexpartnerdecidetofollowuponinvestigationofaseriesofmurdersthatendedtheircareersandshamedthem,whenidenticalmurdersbeginagain.FaustThestoryofanindividualwhosellshissoultothedevil,enjoysabriefperiodofpowerandprosperity,buteventuallyiscalledupontorepaythedebt.TheFauststorycanalsotaketheformofthedarksecretthatcanneverbecompletelysuppressed,orthepersonalhistorythatcannotbeevaded.Thedevilisnotusuallyaliteraldevilbutametaphorical(隐喻的)one—i.e.money,success,powerorfame.GhostRider(2011)WhenthemotorcyclistJohnnyBlazefindsthathisfatherBartonBlazehasaterminalcancer,heacceptsanagreementwiththeDevil,givinghissoulforthehealthofhisbelovedfather.Butthedevildeceiveshim,andBartondiesinamotorcycleaccidentduringanexhibition.ThedevilproposesJohnnytoreleasehiscontractifhebecometheGhostRideranddefeathisevilsonBlackheart,whowantstopossessonethousandevilsoulsandtransformhellonearth……TheGreatGatsby(2013)BootleggerinProhibitionEraRomeoandJulietTheclassic“star-crossedlovers(命运不佳的情侣)”storyinwhichamajorobstaclestandsinthewayof(阻挠）truel