小型激光雕刻机的设计(毕业设计)

本科毕业设计(论文)GRADUATIONDESIGN(THESIS)题目：小型激光雕刻机的设计学生姓名：指导教师：学院：信息科学与工程学院专业班级：本科生院制2016年6月小型激光雕刻机的设计I小型激光雕刻机的设计摘要随着时代的发展，激光雕刻技术的应用越来越广。激光雕刻机是以数控技术为基础，激光加工为手段的一种加工方法，它具有与加工材料非接触的特性，加工精度、效率高，适合多种材料的加工。本次小型激光雕刻机的设计，在对当前激光加工和激光雕刻技术做了详细了解后，完成了雕刻机的控制系统整体设计、硬件电路和软件算法的设计以及雕刻机的机械框架的设计。雕刻机用两个42步进电机驱动XY两轴的运动，激光部分采用小功率激光笔，控制系统使用STM32作为主控芯片，采用主从式控制方式。整个控制流程为：上位机软件完成图像转G代码处理和G代码发送功能，下位机通过串口通信模块接收G代码数据后，进行G代码的解析、插补算法处理，然后控制步进电机的运动和激光笔的开关，完成雕刻功能。设计以较低的成本和较高的精度实现雕刻机的常用功能，雕刻机体积小、使用方便，符制造设备微型化的发展趋势，具有很好的应用前景。关键词：激光雕刻主从式G代码解析插补算法步进电机小型激光雕刻机的设计IIMiniaturelaserengravingmachinedesignAbstractWiththedevelopmentoftechnology,thereisanewindustrygraduallydeveloped,onmanyoccasionstheprocessingtechnologyistouseit,thatislaserengravingtechnology.Inlaserengravingtechnology,completedintheformofCNClaserengravingorcutting,becausethelaserengravingandcarvedobjectswithoutdirectcontact,soithashighefficiency,suitableforavarietyofmaterials.Thisdesignofsmalllaserengravingbasedonadetailedinvestigationofthecurrentlaserprocessingandlaserengravingtechnology.Thedesigncompletedthedesignofcontrolsystemframeworkoftheoveralldesign,hardwareandsoftwarealgorithmsdesign.ThedesignbasedonSTM32microcontrolchip,usingalow-powerlaserhead.Thecontrolsystemcanreceivedatafromacomputerserialport,themicrocontrollerparsingG-codeandruntheinterpolationoperationtocontrolthemotormovement,achievedanonline,offlinelaserengravingfunction.Thesystematalowercost,higherprecisionandstabilityachievedaregularlaserengravingmachine’sprocessingcharacteristics.Engravingmachineissmallandeasytouse,isinlinewithmanufacturingequipmentminiaturizationtrend,havegoodprospectsfordevelopment.Keywords：LaserengravingClient–servermodelG-codeparserInterpolationalgorithmSteppingmotor小型激光雕刻机的设计III目录第1章绪论...............................................................................................................11.1前言...............................................................................................................11.2项目背景.......................................................................................................11.2.1激光加工概述...................................................................................11.2.2激光雕刻及激光雕刻机...................................................................21.3激光雕刻机及其运控技术发展现状...........................................................51.3.1激光雕刻机发展现状.......................................................................51.3.2运动控制技术的发展现状...............................................................61.4论文安排及主要内容...................................................................................7第2章系统总体方案的研究与设计.......................................................................92.1雕刻机的控制结构......................................................................................92.2功能需求......................................................................................................92.3控制系统设计过程....................................................................................102.4机械结构设计.............................................................................................112.4.1传动结构.........................................................................................112.4.2外形框架.........................................................................................122.4.3整体搭建.........................................................................................12第3章系统硬件电路的研究与设计.....................................................................143.1控制系统硬件电路总体结构设计.............................................................143.2控制芯片选择.............................................................................................153.3系统电源电路设计.....................................................................................163.4电机及驱动系统设计.................................................................................183.4.1步进电机的选择.............................................................................183.4.2电机驱动模块.................................................................................193.5激光及驱动系统设计.................................................................................203.6LCD显示模块............................................................................................21小型激光雕刻机的设计IV3.7键盘模块设计.............................................................................................223.8辅助系统设计.............................................................................................23第4章系统软件的研究与设计.............................................................................244.1控制系统软件的总体设计.........................................................................244.1.1控制系统软件开发环境.................................................................244.1.2控制系统软件总流程.....................................................................244.2初始化及对刀模式.....................................................................................254.3串口数据接收程序设计.............................................................................264.4G代码解析模块......