必修一-unit-4-单词语法

1Unit4重点单词1.burst(1)vi爆裂，爆发Theballoonburst,anditsurprisedallthechildren.用法：burstoutcrying/laughing==burstintotears/laughter突然哭/笑起来Thesadmotherburst(outcrying)intotears,whenthereporteraskedaboutherson’sdeathinthebigfire.burstinto/in闯进，突然破门而入Suddenlythechildrenburstin/intotheroom.burstwithanger/joy勃然大怒/心花怒放(2)n.aburstof(爆发出)一阵......Theburstofaballoonshockedallofus.Thereisaburstofapplausefromthecrowd.2.atanend介词短语，“终结结束”一般做表语。Thewarisatanend.attheendof“在......的尽头，末尾，在......结束时”，后接时间，地点attheendofgarden/thisyearbytheendof“到......为止”，后接时间，句子用过去完成时或将来完成时Bytheendoflastmonth,wehadfinishedhalfofit.intheend“最终，终于”，做状语Theygiveuptheplanintheend.cometoanend结束，完成Thejourneywascomingtoanend.3.(1)n.lie/beinruins成为废墟Aftertheflood,thevillageisinruinsnow.come/go/falltoruin毁灭，荒废，崩溃Thehousewasemptyforseveralyearsandcame/fell/wenttoruin.bringsth/sbtoruin使....毁灭/没落/破产Theearthquakebroughtthecitytoruin.(2)vt.ruinoneself自取灭亡ruinone’shealth/fame毁坏某人的健康，名誉Smokingruinedhishealth.Hisdrunkdrivingnotonlyruinedhimselfbutalsokilledseveralpassers-by.4.(1)injuryn.伤口，伤害doaninjurytosb=dosbaninjuryBecareful,oryouwilldoaninjurytoyourself.(2）injuredadj.受伤的，受委屈的theinjured伤员Thedriverwasslightlyinjuredintheaccident.(3)injurevt.损害，伤害Lethimaloneaslongashedoesn'tinjurehimself.5.(1)vi＆vt.(使)震动，惊动beshockedatsh对.......感到震惊Hewasshockedatthenews.beshockedtodosth做某事很震惊Hewasshockedtohearofthebadnews.beshockedthat.....对.......很震惊(2)adjshocked感到震惊的，常表示人的心理状态和感受；shocking令人震惊的，说明事物的性质，特点Hewasshockedattheshockingnew.(3)n.beashocktosb使某人很震惊，对某人来说是个打击Thebadnewswasagreatshocktothewholefamily.6.cometoone’srescue=rescuesb援救某人Therescueteamcametohisrescue.rescue....from....把...从....营救出来Shewasrescuedfromaburningbuilding.7.(1)vt.trapsbintosth/doingsth诱骗，陷害某人做某事HetrappedmeintoadmittingIhavedoneit.betrappedin困在.....中，陷在.....中Theyaretrappedinadifficultsituation.(2)n.fallintothetrapof掉进......的圈套，陷阱settrapstodosth设置圈套，陷阱做某事Theownerofthehousesettrapstocatchthemouse.8.bury.....in....把...埋在...；使.....沉浸于.....Thedogburieditsboneinthegarden.buryoneselfin(doing)sth=beburiedin(doing)sth埋头于,专心于,沉浸于某事Heisburyinghimself/buriedinstudying.buryone’sface/headin...把脸/头伸到....里去Hesatdownontheground,andburiedhisfaceinhishands.9.不同点相同点anumberof意为“若干；许多”，其后接可数名词复数。用作主语时，谓语动词一般用复数形式都可用large，small，great等修饰thenumberof意为“...的数量”，其后接复数名词或具有复数意义的词。用作主语时，谓语一般要用单数形式10.(1)frightensbintosth/doingsth把某人吓的做某事Theyfrightenedtheboyintotellingthemthesecret.befrightenedat/by.....因....害怕Hewasfrightenedat/bythenoise.他被这响声吓一跳。befrightenedofsth害怕某物Thegirlwasfrightenedofmice.befrightenedtodosth害怕做某事Themanwastoofrightenedtostandup.(2)frightening令人恐惧的Thelittlegirlwasfrightenedbythefrighteningfilm.2Unit4限定性定语从句一一定语从句概念-----在主从复合句中，对某一名词或代词起修饰限制作用的从句。定语从句先行词被定语从句修饰的名词或代词关系词位于先行词和从句之间，引导定语从句的词关系代词Who，whom，whose，which，that关系副词When，where，why三重功能1、连接功能：连接主、从句2、指代功能：指代它前面的先行词3、成分功能：在从句中充当句子成分分类限定性定语从句、非限定性定语从句限定性定语从句：从句对先行词进行必要的描述或说明，缺少它，则句意显得不完整，从句与先行词紧密相连，无逗号隔开。非限定性定语从句:对所修饰的成分(可以为整个主句)作进一步说明,通常和主句间用逗号隔开,将从句拿掉后其他部分仍可成立。Iboughtapenyesterday.Iamlookingforthepen.Iamlookingforthepenwhich/thatIboughtyesterday.二限定性定语从句中关系代词的使用当引导定语从句的关系词在从句中做主语、宾语或者定语时，应使用关系代词。1、who指人，在定语从句中做主语或宾语，做宾语时常省略。Iknowthemanwhospoketoyoujustnow。2、whom指人，who的宾格，在定语从句中做宾语，常可省略，在口语中可用who代替。Theman(whom)yousawjustnowisourEnglishteacher.3、which指物，在从句中做主语、宾语，做宾语时可省略。Chinaisacountrywhichhasalonghistory.Thecar(which)myunclehadjustboughtwasdestroyedintheearthquake.4、that既可指人也可指物，在定语从句中做主语、宾语或表语，做宾语时常省略。当先行词为anyone，those等时，多用who引导。Thegirl(that)myEnglishteacheristalkingwithisveryhard-working.Anyonewhobreaksthelawshouldbepunished.5、whose可指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语。Pleasepassmethebookwhosecoverisblue.Pleasepassmethebookthecoverofwhichisblue.Pleasepassmethebookofwhichthecoverisblue.三关系代词只用that的情况1、当先行词是anything,nothing,something,all,much,few,any,little等不定代词或被不定代词修饰时，一般用that，不用which。Hecouldn'tunderstandanythingthattheyhadtoldhim.Alltheapplesthatwepickedweresenttothefactory.2、先行词既有人，又有物时，关系代词一般用that。在从句中作用指人指物指人或物主语whowhichthat宾语whom(口语中可用who，可省略）which（可省略）that（可省略）定语whose/ofwhomwhose/ofwhich3Weweredeeplyimpressedbytheteachersandschoolsthatwehadvisitedthere.3、先行词有theonly,thevery,thelast,justthe（恰恰正好）,all，any,few,little,no等词修饰时，用that。Thiswillbethelastchancethathecanget.YouarethelastpersonthatIwanttosee.4、先行词是序数词或序数词修饰；先行词是最高级或被最高级修饰时，用that不用which。ThisisthebestbookthatIhaveeverread.IstillrememberthefirstlessonthatwasgivenbyMissDora.5、当先行词在句中做表语，而关系代词在句中也做表语，用that。Heisnolongerthemanthathewastenyearsago.6、主句已有疑问词who/which时，用that。Whothatbreakthewindowshouldbepunished．Whichisthebookthatyoulikemost?四关系代词指物时只用which不用that的情况1.引导非限定性定语从句时。Jenniferisalwayslateforschool,whichIsupposeiswhysheiscriticizednowandthen.2.当关系代词前面有介词时，只能用which。ThisisthehouseinwhichIwasborn.3.当先行词本省就是that时。Thatwhichyoutoldhimaboutiswhatwewanttoknow.随堂练习1.I'vereadallthebooksyougaveme.2.Hekeepsarecordofeverythinghehadseenthere.3.Tellusaboutthepeopleandtheplaces____________aredifferentfromours.4.TheTVplayIwatchedlastnightisthebestone__________Ihavewatchedthisyear.5.Lookout!Don'tgettooclosetothehousewallhasbigcracks.6.Isthisth