西班牙斗牛节bullfighting-festival

1、IntroductionThebullfight,orcorridadetorosinspanish,originallymeans''runningofthebull''.SpainisafamousBullKingdomintheworld.Somebodysays:nobodydonotlikebullfighting.Inrecentyears,thereare50millionforeigntouristseachyeartoenterSpain,andmostofthemaretoseethebullfight.EachyearfromMarchtoNovemberistheSpanishBullfightingFestival.TheyusuallyfightthebullonSundaysandThursdays.Ventasbullring（文塔斯斗牛场）HistorythefestivalmatadorswithabigcloakEveryyearfromJuly6through14,hundredsofthousandsofrevelers,dancingtotraditionalpipebands,packintothecenterofPamplona(潘普洛纳)tokickoffSpain'smostfamousbull-runningfiestainhonoroftheNavarre(纳瓦拉)capital'spatronsaint,SanFermin(圣佛明).Spainstagesmorethan3,000fiestasayear--everythingfromfirewalkingtogoat-throwing--butninedaysofpartyingandrunningwiththebullsatPamplonastilltriumphsintermsofspectacleandrecklessness.2、HistoryofbullfightingWithregardtotheancientoriginoftheSpanishbullfight,thereappearsanumberofdifferentsayings.SomearguethatitcomesfromthefestivitiesoftheancientMinoan(克里特文明的)cultureontheislandofCrete2000yearsbeforeChrist;othersdisputethatbythesimilaritybetweentheSpanishbullfightandRomancircuscombats.Regardlessofthedifferentpresumptions,therootsoftheSpanishbullfighthasfirmlylayburiedunderlayersofdifferentpeopleswhoinvadedtheIberianPeninsular（伊比利半岛）(nowSpainandPortugal),bringingtheirrespectivecultureswiththem.ThesamewavesofinvasionsthatgivebirthtothebullfightalsobredtheuniquelySpanishblendofraces.PeoplecomingfromvariousplacessuchlikeGreeceorRomehaveinhabitedSpainformorethan100,000years,whichsufficientlymirrorstheformationoftheSpanishbullfight.ThebullfightfrescointhepalaceofKnossos(克诺索斯),Crete,Greece3、ThemainprocessItusuallytakesplaceonSundayafternoonsoronholidays,timedpreciselyagainstthesettingofthesun.Thecorrida（斗牛）beginswiththewhitehandkerchiefsignaloftheofficiatingpresidentandthesoundingofatrumpet.Afterthatitfollowswithacelebrationbyparadeofparticipantsthatmarchesinhierarchicalordertotheupbeattuneofthepasodoble.(斗牛舞)Aftertheparadeisfinished,thepresidentwaveshiswhitehandkerchiefagaintoindicatetheentranceofthefirstbull.sixbullbull’sweightbetween370and500kilogramsEverycow'sname,ageandweightwillbeintroducedbyhosttotheaudience.amainMatadortwolancer（picadores）banderillasfightersInthefirststage,thebullenterstheringwhereitwillbetestedbythematadorandbanderilleros（斗牛士助手）withtherequiredtanda(seriesofpasses)usingthecapote.Duringthisphasethematadorobservesthebull'sbehavior,howitchargesanditsferocity（凶残）.Next,twopicadoresenterthearenaarmedwithalonglanceandmountedonlargeheavilypaddedandblindfoldedhorses.Themannerinwhichthebullchargesthehorsealsoprovidesimportantcluestothematadorregardingwhichsidethebullprefers.Thisisamandatorystepinthecorridawhichmakesthebull'schargeslessdangerousandmorereliable,enablingthematadortoperform.Inthenextstage,theterciodebanderillas,thethreebanderilleroseachattempttoplanttwobanderillas,orsharpbarbedsticks,intothebull'sshoulders.Thebanderillasfurtherweakenthebullbutalsoangerit,causeittomakemoreferociouscharges.Sometimesthematadorplaceshisownbanderillas.Inthisstage,thematadorre-enterstheringwitharedcapestretchedoverawoodendowelinonehandandaswordintheother.Afterabout25minutesthebullwillknowthatthegoalistoattackpeopleratherthancloak.Itwillbetoodangerous,ifmatadorkillthebullnexttime.Moreover,thisbullshowislayingthegroundworkforthefinaldeadlysword.Intheformalbullfight,onlyoneexceptionwillnotkill,thebullisveryexcellent,andmatchwiththematador'splayawonderfulshow,thenitwillbepardoned.Notonlythebullwon’tdie,anditwillbegivenpreferentialtreatment,curedinjuryandprovideduntildeath.Acceptapplause接受掌声☆Circlearound绕场一圈☆☆Singleearreward单耳奖励☆☆☆Binauralrewards双耳奖励☆☆☆☆Binauralplusoxtail双耳加牛尾☆☆☆☆☆Princeofthedoor王子门☆☆☆☆☆(onlySevilla)RewardsMostbullfightersaremalebuttherearealsoafewfemalebullfighters.IntheOscarforbestscreenplayaward-winningfilm,SaidtoHer,theSpanishactressRosarioFloresshowpeopleastrongandbravefemalebullfightersimage.4、DifferentopinionsBullfightinginprovincesofSpainasof2012.•Exceptionsshouldbenoted,suchastheareaofPamplona(潘普洛纳)innorthernNavarre(纳瓦拉)andBilbao(毕尔巴鄂)intheBasqueCountry(巴斯克),withmajorbullfighting.•In1991,theCanaryIslandsbecamethefirstSpanishAutonomousCommunitytobanbullfighting,andCatalonia(加泰罗尼亚)becamethesecondinJanuary2012AdvocatebullfightAgainstbullfightAdvocatebullfightSpainhasalonghistoryofbullfighting.BullfightingispopularinSpain.bullfightingisthemostimportantcultureinspain.BullfightinghasbeenSpain'snationalessence.AgainstbullfightBullfightiscriticizedbymanyanimalrightsactivists,referringtoitasacruelorbarbarousbloodsport.Andnowtheagainstvoiceisgettinglouderandstronger.AgainstbullfightJuly9,2016,amatadorwasstabbedbybullfightingbullsonthespot.It'sthefirsttimeinmorethan30years.(OtherthedeathofMatadoreventsoccurredin1984and1985)AgainstbullfightOctober11,2016,bullfighterwasalmostkilledinSpainZaragoza（萨拉戈萨）BullfightingFestival.AgainstbullfightSeptember10,2016,Madrid,Spain,thousandsofpeopleholdingthesloganparade,askingtheGovernmenttoprohibitcruelbullfightingac