精读-Unit5-at-the-war-with-the-planet

AtTheWarWithThePlanet1/10题(May28,1917–September30,2012)wasanAmericancellularbiologist,collegeprofessor,andpolitician.Hewasaleadingecologistandamongthefoundersofthemodernenvironmentalmovement.HewasthedirectoroftheCriticalGeneticsProjectandtheCenterforBiologyofNaturalSystems.HeranastheCitizensPartycandidateinthe1980U.S.presidentialelection.HisworkstudyingtheradioactivefalloutfromnuclearweaponstestingledtotheNuclearTestBanTreatyof1963.2/1012HebecameaprofessorofplantphysiologyatWashingtonUniversityin1947andtaughttherefor34years.3Duringthisperiod,in1966,hefoundedtheCenterfortheBiologyofNaturalSystemstostudythescienceofthetotalenvironment..CommonerwasonthefoundingEditorialBoardoftheJournalofTheoreticalBiologyin1961.AfterservingasalieutenantintheNavalAirForceduringWorldWarII,CommonermovedtoSt.Louis,Missouri,andhebecameanassociateeditorforScienceIllustratedfrom1946to1947.CareerInAcademic3/1045In1958,hehelpedfoundtheGreaterSt.LouisCommitteeonNuclearInformation.Shortlythereafter,heestablishedNuclearInformation,amimeographednewsletterpublishedinhisoffice,whichlaterwentontobecomeEnvironmentmagazine.Commonerwentontowriteseveralbooksaboutthenegativeecologicaleffectsofatmosphericnucleartesting.Inthelate1950s,Commonerbecamewellknownforhisoppositiontonuclearweaponstesting,becomingpartoftheteamwhichconductedtheBabyToothSurvey,demonstratingthepresenceofStrontium90inchildren'steethasadirectresultofnuclearfallout.CareerInAcademic4/10TheClosingCircleThePovertyofPowerMakingPeacewiththePlanetEnvironmentbooks5/10TimemagazineintroducedasectionontheenvironmentintheirFebruary1970issue,featuringarticlesontheenvironmentalcrisis,andaquotefromRichardNixon'sStateoftheUnionaddress,callingit,Thegreatquestionofthe'70s.ThemagazinecalledCommoner,thePaulRevereofecologyforhisworkonthethreatstolifefromtheenvironmentalconsequencesoffalloutfromnucleartestsandotherpollutantsofthewater,soil,andair.Time'scoverrepresentedacalltoarms,tomobilizepublicopinionbyappealstoconscience.Thefollowingmonth,thefirstEarthDaytookplace,whichsaw20millionAmericansdemonstratingpeacefullyinfavorofenvironmentalreform,accompaniedbyseveraleventsheldatuniversitycampusesacrosstheUS.Influence6/10PartI(Para.1)Thisistheintroductorypartinwhichtheauthorraisesthethemethatpeopleliveintwoworlds.PartII(Para.2-5)Inthispart,theauthorexplainsthesituationswherethetwoworldsareatwar.GeneralStructure7/10PartIII:Therootsoftheconflicts:--Thefirstlaw:EverythingisconnectedtoeverythingelseVS.Thecomponentpartshaveaverydifferentrelationtotheirsurroundings.(Paras.6-9)--Thesecondlaw:theclosedcyclicalprocessofecosphereandthelinearprocessoftechnosphere(Paras.10-11)--Thethirdlaw:theconsistentandharmoniousnatureoftheecosphereascontrastedtotherapidchangeandvariationofthetechnosphere(Paras.12-14)--Thefourthlaw:comparisonbetweentheconsequencesoffailureoftheecosphereandthatofthetechnosphere(Paras.15-16)GeneralStructure8/10PartIV(Paras.17-21)Sincethetwoworldsareatwar,theissuecanonlybeunderstoodintermsoftheirinterplay.Itwillbedangerousforustotakesides,ignoringtheinterestsofonecombatantortheother.ParaV(Paras.22-23)Conclusion:theauthoronceagainstressestheimportanceofunderstandingtheinterplayofthetwoworldsandonthebasisofthisunderstanding,makingitourtasktofindwaystomakepeacewiththeplanet.GeneralStructure9/1010/10