必修二-Unit4-wildlife-protection--Language-points(1)语

LanguagePoints●重点短语1．dieout灭亡；逐渐消失2．inpeace和平地；安详地；和睦地3．indanger(of)在危险中，垂危4．inrelief如释重负5．burstintolaughter突然笑起来6．protect...from保护……不受……(危害)7．payattentionto注意8．comeintobeing形成；产生9．withoutmercy毫不留情地10．respondto对……作出回答P251.decreasevi./vt.降低，减少，使（变小）decreasein在······方面减少decreaseto减少到······decreaseby减少了······例句：Themembersdecreasedto300.会员减少至300人.Themembersdecreasedby300.会员减少了300人.Thiskindofbirdisdyingout.这种鸟快要被灭绝了。Manytraditionalcustomshavediedout.许多传统风俗已经消失。2.dieout绝种，灭绝；熄灭；P25(风俗、习惯等)逐渐消失，不用于被动语态dieaway逐渐减弱，逐渐模糊，逐渐消失dieoff(家族、种族等)相继死亡；(草木)先后枯死diedown(火、光线、兴奋、风暴等)渐弱，渐息dieof因···而死（指死于内因，如疾病、衰老、饥饿等）diefrom因···而死（指死于外因，如外伤、车祸、粗心、污染、劳累过度等）1)Scientistssaidthatthoseplants_________acenturyago.科学家们说那些植物一个世纪前就绝种了。(2)Manyoldcustoms___________________.许多古老的风俗正逐渐消失。(3)Ifthesnowstormdoesnotblowover,thecattlewill______________.如果暴风雪不停息，牲畜就要死掉了。diedoutaredyingoutdieoff(4)Opentheairhole;thefireis___________.把气孔打开，火要熄了。(5)Everywintersomeoldpeople___________hypothermia.每年冬天都有一些老人死于体温过低。(6)Nowadaysmanypeople__________cancer.现在有很多人死于癌症。diefromdieofdyingdownStop___thiskindofsnakes.Theyare___.A．hunting;dyingoutB．tohunt;dyingoutC．hunting;dyingawayD．tohunt;dyingdown答案：A解析：stopdoing“停止做某事”，而stoptodo表示“停下来去做某事”。第二空dieout灭绝”。3．peacen．和平；和睦P25inpeace和平地；安心地atpeace处于和平(或和睦)状态(反义词atwar)atpeacewith与……和平相处(反义词atwarwith)makepeacewith与……讲和例句：Justleavemeinpeaceforawhile.让我平静一会儿。4.Indanger（of）处于……的危险中P25反义词：outofdanger脱离危险例句：Theyareindanger.=Theyareendangered.他们处在危险当中。Theyaredangerous.他们(对别人)危险.•这样考过(哈师大附中)Asweallknow，tigersandpandasare______now，buttigersare________topeople.A．dangerous;dangerousB．indanger;indangerC．indanger;dangerousD．dangerous;indanger解析：indanger意为“处于危险中”；dangerous危险的。答案：C•还可能这样考—IhearJack's________oflosinghislife.—Yes.Atthemomentthedoctorsaredoingtheirbesttohelphim________.A．indanger;outofdangerB．inthedanger;outofthedangerC．inthedanger;outofdangerD．indanger;outofthedanger解析：indangeroflosingone‘slife的意思是“有失去生命的危险”；helpsb.outofdanger的意思是“帮助某人脱离险境”，两个短语中不能使用定冠词the。答案：A5.respondvi.回答，答复；响应，作出反应L4responsen.回答，回复；反应respondtosb./sth.回答(比answer,replyto正式)respondtosb./sth.(with/bysth.)用……回应某inresponseto…作为对……的反应例句：Herespondedtomysuggestionwithalaugh/bylaughing.对我的建议他以一笑作为回答。这样考过(全国高考)Thegovernmenthas__________topublicpressureanddroppedtheproposal.A．answeredB．gotC．acceptedD．responded•解析：句意为：“政府已在公众压力下放弃了这一建议。”answer后不接to，•故选D。(2009·广州模拟)Oureffortsresulted______failure；IfeelI'malsoresponsible_____it.A．in;toB．from;toC．in;forD．from;for•解析：resultin“导致，结果”，beresponsiblefor“为……负责”固定搭配。句意为：“我们的努力白费了，我感到我也应对此负责任。”•答案：C6.reliefn．(痛苦或忧虑的)减轻或解除；减轻痛苦的事物L16inrelief如释重负；松了口气relieffromsth.解除；减轻7.burstintolaughter突然笑起来L16burstinto+n.突然······起来burstout+doing突然······起来Heburstintolaughter=heburstoutlaughing.他突然大笑起来。8．mercyn．宽恕，仁慈，怜悯；L18havemercyonsb.对某人仁慈showmercytosb./showsbmercy.对某人仁慈atthemercyof…任由…摆布；在…掌握之中withoutmercy无怜悯之心例句：Heshowedhisenemiesnomercy.他对敌人毫无怜悯。这样考过(2009·江西五校联考)Itwasclearthatthesmallgrocerwas_______peopleheowedmoneyto.A．attheexpenseofB．attheriskofC．inthewayofD．atthemercyof解析：考查介词短语。attheexpenseof以……为代价，牺牲，使受损失，对……不利；attheriskof冒……的危险；inthewayof妨碍，在……方面，关于；atthemercyof受……的控制，受……的困扰。•答案：D9.certainadj.确定的；无疑的；某(种)L22becertain(sure)todosth.一定会做某事becertain(sure)ofsth.对……有把握Itiscertainthat...肯定……Itissurethat...(×)例句：Heiscertaintopasstheexam.=Itiscertainthathewillpasstheexam.他肯定能通过考试。辨析：sure，certain与confident(1)sure强调“主观上确信无疑的”。主语只可以是人。如：I'msureyoudon'tmeanit.我相信你是无意的。(2)certain指“(有充分根据或理由)确信的”。主语可以是人，也可以是物。如：Thislettermademecertainofhisinnocence.这封信使我相信他是无罪的。(3)confident强调“对某人/物坚信的或满怀信心的”。如：He'sconfidenthewillwin.他深信自己会赢。L2810.protect...from/against...保护…免受…(的伤害)stopsb.(from)doing…preventsb.(from)doing…阻止某人做keepsb.fromdoing…例句：Weshouldprotectanimalsfrombeinghunted.我们应该保护动物免受捕杀。这样考过(2009·上海进才中学)Wetookourumbrellaswithuswhenwewentoutinorderto________usfromaheavyrain.A．banB．preserveC．preventD．protect解析：protect...from/against...“使……免受……”；prevent...from“阻止……”；ban“禁止”；preserve“保存”，根据句意答案为D。•答案：D(2009·大连)Thewhitebloodcellsprotectthebody________diseasegerms.A．fromattackingB．frombeingattackedC．frombeingattackedbyD．attackedby解析：protect...from/against使……免受……；attack和thebody之间存在被动关系，且diseasegerms是attack的执行者。•答案：C11．containvt.包含；容纳；容忍vi.自制L29辨析：contain与include(1)contain包含、含有、内装。侧重“整体内含有”，指在某一范围内或容器能容纳某物。不用于进行时态。如：例：Theboxcontainsalotofgifts.这个盒子中装有很多礼物。(2)include包括。侧重被包含者只是整体中的一部分。用于：句子，including+被包括部分；句子，被包括部分+included例：listincludesmyname.名单上有我的名字。•这样考过(2009·昆明模拟)Byfiguringoutthesecretmessage________ineachitem，thepersonwhoreceivedthebasketbegantounderstandthetruefeelingsofthepersonwhosentit.A．containedB．includedC．foundD．written解析：句意：弄懂了每个物品中所包含的密码。这个收到篮筐的人开始明白送篮筐的人的真正的情感。此句中要用contained作后置定语。答案：A12.Payattentionto…注意，留意L30e.g.:Youshouldpayattentiontoyourhealth.翻译：你应该注意你的身体。attract/catch/draw/getone'sattentionto…吸引某人的注意Attention,please!请注意！(演讲用语)(＝MayIhaveyourattention,please？)[即学即练](1)She______________________________herappearance.她很注重外表。(2)Agreatdealofattentionhasbeen__________protectingtheenvironment.人们已对保护环境投入很多精力。paidmuchattentiontopaidto13．appreciatev