b3m1语法 被动语态与主谓一致

一、被动语态1.概念：被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者,表示“被”、“受”、“由”等被动意义。只有及物动词才有被动语态。ManypeoplespeakChinese.=2.构成：be+及物动词的过去分词Chineseisspokenbymanypeople.1.一般现在时：2.一般过去时：3.现在进行时：4.过去进行时：5.一般将来时：6.现在完成时：7.过去完成时：am/is/are+动词的过去分词was/were+doneam/is/are+being+donewas/were+being+donewillbe+donehave/has+been+donehad+been+done被动语态的时态变化只改变。be的形式3.没有被动语态的动词1.不及物动词没有被动语态。常见的不及物动词有：arrive,come,go,rise,happen,remain,lie等等。练习.When____theaccident_____?A.was,happenB.did,happenC.is,happenD.was,happened2.有些及物动词或动词短语没有被动语态：last(持续),have,own,suit,belongto,consistof等Thiscompanybelongstome.2说明主语性质状态的词汇用主动形式表示被动意义：如sell,write,wash等Thiskindofskirtsellswell.Mypenwritessmoothly.3need,want,require当作“需要”讲时，可以用主动形式表达被动含义。Mycomputerneedsrepairing.toberepaired.1感官系动词一般用主动形式表示被动意义，如：feel,look,taste,sound,smell等。—Doyoulikethematerial?—Yes,itfeelsverysoft.4.被动语态用主语态动形式表达（主表被）的3种情况：5.3个需要注意的问题：1常用的使役动词make/let/havesbdosth以及感官动词see/hear/watch/listentosbdosth,改为被动语态时都要还原to.例如：Weoftenseehimplayfootball.---Heisoftenseentoplayfootballbyus.2以动词短语作谓语的主动语态变被动语态时，不可丢掉后面的介词或副词。Weshouldtakecareoftheold.Theoldshouldbetakengoodcareof.3表示客观的说明常用“Itis+过去分词+that从句“这种被动句型。例如：据说……Itissaidthat…据报导……Itisreportedthat…推测……Itissupposedthat…众所周知……Itiswellknownthat…Itisreportedthatitisgoingtoraintomorrow.ItiswellknownthatThomasEdisoninventedtheelectriclamp.练习：——Haveyouhandedinyourschoolworkyet?------Yes,Ihave.Iguessit_________________(grade)now.Hissuggestionisthatthedam__________(build)atthefootofthemountain.ThemayorsaysthatallconstructionworkfortheOlympics_____________________(complete)bytheendofnextyear.Thewindow______________(break)bysomenaughtyboys,butDad_____________(mend)it.Thecompanyisgoingfrombadtoworseandtheworkers________(pay)hardlyenoughtomakealiving.Everymeans_______________(try)butwithoutanyresultsofar.isbeinggradedbebuiltwillhavebeencompletedwasbrokenhasmendedarepaidhasbeentried练习：1.Wecan'tusethebridgenow,becauseit______.A.hasbeenrepairedB.isrepairingC.isrepairedD.isbeingrepaired2.Idislike_______whiletrytolearnskiing.(a)beinglookedat(b)lookingat(c)tolookat(d)havinglookedat3.Itissaidthatanewrobot____byhiminafewdays.A)designedB)hasbeendesignedC)willbedesignedD)willhavebeendesigned4.Shewillstopshowingoffifnonotice____ofher.A)istakenB)takesC)willbetakenD)hastaken5.“Haveyoumovedintothenewflat?”“Notyet.Theroom____.”A)hasbeenpaintedB)ispaintedC)paintsD)isbeingpainted6.Tim____sincehelosthisjobthreeweeksago.A)hadbeenunemployedB)wasunemployedC)hasbeenunemployedD)hasunemployed7.Agreatnumberofcollegesanduniversities____since1949.A)hasbeenfoundedB)havebeenfoundedC)havefoundedD)hadbeenfounded8.Thegoods____whenwearrivedattheairport.A)werejustunloadingB)werejustbeenunloadingC)hadjustunloadedD)werejustbeingunloaded9.Yououghttohaveputthemilkintherefrigerator,now____sour.A)itsmellB)itissmeltC)itsmellsD)itissmelling10.Idon'tremember____thechancetotrythismethod.A)havingbeengivenB)tohavebeengivenC)havinggivenD)tohavegiven11.Hedoesnotpossessabicycle,thisoneheuses____toPeter.A)isbelongedtoB)belongedC)belongsD)isbelonging12.Negotiation(谈判)____againwithMoscowtomorrow,agreateventwillbediscussedthen.A)istobeopenedB)isonthepointofopeningC)isgoingtoopenD)opens13.Thereasonforallthechangesbeingmade____tousyet.A)hasnotexplainedB)hasnotbeenexplainedC)didnotexplainedD)werenotexplained14.Hurryup,orthetickets___outbythetimewegetthere.A)willhavesoldB)willsellC)havesoldD)willhavebeensold变成被动句：Motherwasnotmendingthetrousers.TheywouldnottakehimtoBeijing.一、概念：谓语动词在人称和数上要和主语保持一致。遵循语法一致、意义一致、就近一致和就远一致四个原则。一.语法一致原则：1主语是单数名词或代词，动词不定式(todo)，动名词(doing)和从句时，谓语动词用单数；当主语为复数时，谓语动词用复数。Whenheiscoming________(seem)veryimportant.Collectingstamps______(be)hishobby.TostudyEnglishwell______(be)noteasy.选择：1.Whatshesaysanddoes_____nothingtodowithme.A.wasB.wereC.hasD.have2.Whenandwheretobuildthenewfactory_____yet.A.isnotdecidedB.hasnotdecidedC.hasnotbeendecidedD.havenotbeendecidedseemsisis思考：Whatyouneed________(be)threedictionaries.Whatwearelookingforwardto______anamazingparty.结论：在what从句+be+N的结构中be由决定areisN的单复数2主语为复数名词或代词时，谓语动词用复数。They_______(be)sleepingthistimeyesterday.were3主语由and/both…and连接时，谓语动词用复数。Bothmyfatherandmymother_______(be)teachers.are注意：1、当“n单+and+n单”指同一个人或物时，谓语动词用单数。Thewriterandartist_______(have)come.2、在each/every/no/manya(an)/morethanone(a/an)+n单+and+each/every/no/manya(an)/morethanone(a/an)+n单这种结构中，谓语动词要用单数Eachboyandeachgirl________(have)beengivenapresent.hashas练习：Noboyandnogirl_______(like)it.BothmysisterandI_______(be)lateforschoolyesterday.Thepainterandmusician______(be)popularwithyoungsters.likeswereis4主语是each,every,no+n单;或oneof,eachof,noneof,neitherof,eitherof+n复，谓语动词用单数。Noman_______(want)tobecheated.Neitherofus____________(hope)toseehimrecently.5主语是some,any,no,every构成的不定代词，谓语动词用单数。Something_______(have)gonewrongwithmywatch.Anybodywho_______(break)thelawwillbepunished.wantshashopedhasbreaks6分数、百分数+of+n作主语，谓语动词要和n保持一致。Three-fourthsofthesurfaceoftheearth______(be)water.70percentofthestudentsinourclass______(be)girls.isare7定语从句的谓语动词要与先行词保持一致。Ididn’tseeyourtoyswhich______(be)boughtbyyourbestfriend.were注意：当