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实用标准文案精彩文档介词(preposition)又称前置词,是一种虚词。介词不能单独做句子成分。介词后须接宾语,介词与其宾语构成介词短语。一、介词从其构成来看可以分为:1、简单介词(Simpleprepositions)如:at,by,for,in,from,since,through等;2、复合介词(Compoundprepositions)如:onto,outof,without,towards等;3、短语介词(phrasalprepositions)如;becauseof,insteadof,onaccountof,inspiteof,infrontof等;4、二重介词(doubleprepositions)如:frombehind,fromunder,tillafter等;5、分词介词(participialprepositions),又可称动词介词(verbalprepositions)如:during,concerning,excepting,considering,past等。二、常见介词的基本用法1、about关于DoyouknowsomethingaboutTom?Whataboutthiscoat?(……怎么样)2、after在……之后I’mgoingtoseeyouaftersupper.Tomlookedafterhissickmotheryesterday.(照看)3、across横过Canyouswimacrosstheriver.4、against反对Areyoufororagainstme?Nothingcouldmakemeturnagainstmycountry.(背叛)5、along沿着Wewalkedalongtheriverbank.6、before在……之前Ihopetogettherebeforeseveno’clock.Itlooksasthoughitwillsnowbeforelong.(不久)7、behind在……后面Thesunishiddenbehindtheclouds.8、by到……时WehadlearnedtenEnglishsongsbytheendoflastterm.9、during在……期间Whereareyougoingduringtheholiday.10、except除了Everyoneexceptyouansweredthequestioncorrectly.11、for为了Thestudentsarestudyinghardforthepeople.12、from从IcomefromShanghai.13、in在……里on在……上面under在……下面Therearetwoballsin/on/underthedesk.14、near在……附近Welivenearthepark.15、of……的Doyouknowthenameofthewinner.16、over在……正上方Thereisabridgeovertheriver.TomgoesoverhisEnglisheveryday.(复习)17、round/around围绕Thestudentsstandaroundtheteacher.18、to朝……方向Canyoutellmethewaytothecinema.19、towards朝着ThecaristravelingtowardsBeijing.实用标准文案精彩文档20、with和……一起Wouldyouliketogotothecinemawithme?学习这些介词时可以先记住它的汉语意思,然后参照例句来加深理解,并在今后的学习中加以灵活运用。三、常用易混淆介词辨析1、after/in皆可表示时间在……之后,其区别为:after1)表示“在某点时间之后”,用于将来时。如:We’llgooutforawalkaftersupper.2)表示“一段时间之后”,用于过去时。如:Mymothercamehomeafterhalfanhour.in表示“一段时间之后”,用于将来时。如:We’llgotoschoolintwoweeks.2、at/in/onatseveno’clock(具体某一时刻用at)inApril/inApril,2002(具体某一月份或年份用in)onApril5,2002/onthemorningofMonday(具体某一天用on)3、in/by/withHewritesinblackink.(用……材料)Theguardcutonebootopenwithaknife.(用……工具)Shealwaysgoestoschoolbybike.(用……手段)4、between/amongCanyousaythedifferencesbetweenthetwowords?(两者之间)PremierChouEn-lailivesamongthepeopleforever.(三者或三者以上)5、besides/exceptWehaveseenthecrocodilebesidesLiFang.(除……之外,还有)全部计算在内WeareallChineseexceptTominourclass.(除……之外)不计算在内6、on/over/aboveThereisaboatonthedesk(在某物面上,与此物接触。)Thereisabridgeovertheriver.(在某物正上方,与此物不接触,或横在某物上,或覆盖在某物上。)Shespreadaclothoverthetable.Heheldhisheadsabovehishead.(“在……上”,强调“高于。”)7、on/in/toMongoliaisonthenorthofchina.(与中国接壤,不属于中国)Japanistotheeastofchina.(不属于中国,且不接壤)TaiwanisintheeastofChina.(台湾属于中国)8、since/forsince表示从过去某一时间以来实用标准文案精彩文档for表示一段时间Ihavebeenlivingheresince1982.(自1982年以来,我一直住在这里)Ihavebeenlivingherefor20years.(我已经在这里住了20年了)9、of/fromThedeskismadeofwood(看得出材料)Paperismadefromwood.(看不出材料)Thebreadismadeupofflour,sugarandmilk.(由数种成分组成)10、by/onHeusedtogotoschoolbybike.(抽象概括)Hecametoschoolonthisbikeyesterday.(具体到哪一辆车)11、of/forIt’skindofyoutocometoseeme.(既说明不定式本身特点,又说明逻辑主语的品性)It’simportantforyoustudentstolearnEnglishwell.(只说明不定式本身的特征)12、of/inThisisthemostinterestingofallthestories.(从个体的集体着眼)Chinahasthelargestpopulationintheworld.(从总体概括着眼)13、of/about/on表示“谈及,论述”DoyouknowofAmericansingerJohnDenver?(涉及浅层关系)Ihaveneverheardabouthim.(表示谈论等深一步的关系)Thisbookisongrammar.(以……为主要内容)14、through/past/acrossThenewrailwayrunsthroughthesmalltown.(穿过)Hewalkedslowlypastthetallbuilding.(从旁边经过)Marywalkedacrosstheparktodosomeshopping.(强调从一边到另一边)15、by/with通过……手段Wewritewithapen.(表示较具体的事物)There’snothingtogainbywaiting.(表示抽象)16、despite=inspiteof(介词)/although(连词)despite是介词,后面接名词或动名词,不能跟句子although是连词,后面要跟句子。AlthoughIwasillyesterday,Istillwenttoschool.Despitefailureintheexam,Istillhaveachancetowinintheterm.17、as/likeas1)用作介词时意思为“作为……,充当”如:Sheactedasaninterpreter.2)用作连词时意思为“像……一样;当,由于”Asitwascold,Ididn’tgooutside.like用作介词,意思为像……一样Johnsingslikeanightingale.实用标准文案精彩文档18、byday(指白天)/bytheday(按日计算)IworkedherebydayandIampaidbytheday.一、3.表示地点时at,in,on的区别5.表方位的介词in,on,to,off的区别★in表示在境内.★on表示相邻或在边界上,不在境内.★to表示在境外,不接壤.★off表示在海面上靠近海岸的地方.Guangdonglies____thesouthofChinaandFujianis_____theeastofit.Hainanis____thecoastofthemainland.二表示时间介词1.at,in,on的区别1Thetrainleaves___6:00pm,soIhavetobeatthestation_____5:40atthelatest.A.at;untilB.for;afterC.at;byD.before;around2Theoldmandied____cold____acoldnight.A.from;atB.of;inC.of;onD.for;during3Therailwaywasopened____traffic____April4,1985.A.to;onB.to;inC.by;onD.for;onin,on,at的区别和用法1)at表示在某一时刻或短暂的时间。atoneo’clock(在一点钟),atdawn(在黎明),atsunrise(在日出时),atnoon(在正午),atthattime(在那时),atthelastmoment(在最后一刻),atbreakfast(在早餐时)\atdarkat亦可表示“年龄”、“节日”等。attheageoftwenty(在二十岁时),atMid-autumn(在中秋节时),atChristmas(在圣诞节时)2)in用来表示某年、某月、季节、上下午、傍晚等时间in1998\inMay,\inMay,1998\inthemorning\afternoon\evening,inthenight(特指某一夜间,而atnight表泛指的夜间),intheday(在白天)\insummer\inthetwentiethcentury\inmoderntimes\inone’soldage(在某人晚年)\inone’steens/twenties/thirties,\inone’syouth\inthedaytime\inone’slife\inthepast\inthosedays\inthefuture\3)on用于某日或特定某日的早晚、上下午等。onSunday(在星期日),onOctoberthefirst,1999(在1999年10月1日),onMondaymorning(在星期日早晨),onacoldevening(在一个寒冷的晚上),onNewYear’sEve(新年前夕)\onChristmasDay实用标准文案精彩文档At
本文标题:介词用法归纳
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