定语从句

第1页共4页定语从句疑难剖析一、几个引导词的使用辨析1.只用that不用which引导定语从句的情况。（1）先行词前有序数词或形容词用最高级修饰，或先行词本身就是序数词或形容词最高级时,用that不用which。ThefirstplacethattheyvisitedinLondonwastheBigBen.ThisisthebestfilmthatIeverseen.（2）先行词是不定代词all,little,few,much,something,anything,everything,none,nothing,noone,nobody,some等用that不用which。（注意something后可用which）。HaveyoutakendowneverythingthatMrLisaid?Thereseemstobenothingthatisimpossibletohimintheworld.Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone.（3）先行词被all,every,no,some,any,little,much,oneof,theonly,thevery,theright,thelast,few,just等修饰时,用that不用which。Alltheguststhatwereinvitedtoherweddingwereimportantpeople.ThisistheverydictionarythatIwanttobury.Givemeanybooksthatyouwoundrecommend.（4）先行词即有人又有物，兼顾两者，用that不用which。Theytalkedaboutthepersonsandthingsthattheyrememberedatschool.（5）主句是以who或which开头的疑问句时，用that不用which。Whoisthemanthatisstandingbythegate?WhichistheT-shirtthatfitsmemost?（6）当先行词在主句中作表语或关系代词在定语从句中作表语时，用that不用which。Shenzhenisnolongerthecitythatitusedtobe.Thisisn'tthebookthatIborrowedfromthelibrary.（7）主句是therebe句型时，修饰主语的定语从句用that不用which。Thereisaseatinthecornerthatisstillfree.（8）有两个定语从句时，一个从句的关系代词已用which，另一个要用that。Thecountrybuiltupafactorywhichproducesthingsthathaveneverseenbefore.（9）用作关系副词，修饰表示时间的名词，如day,time,moment等代替when时，用that不用which。Ithappenedonthedaythat(when)hewasborn.2.只用which不用that引导定语从句的情况。（1）关系代词前有介词时，用which不用that。Thechaironwhichshesatismadeofwood.（2）引导非限制性定语从句且先行词指物时，用which不用that。Football,whichisaveryinterestinggame,isplayedallovertheworld.（3）先行词后面有插入语时，用which不用that。HereistheEnglishgrammarbookwhich,asI'vetoldyou,willhelpyouimproveyourEnglish.（4）先行词本身就是that时，用which不用that。What'sthatwhichflashedintheskyjustnow?（5）代表主句中谓语的整体概念时，用which不用that。Hecanswiminthesea,whichIcan't.（6）代表整个主句时，用which不用that。Hebrokemycup,whichmademeangry.3.只用who而不用that引导定语从句的情况。（1）先行词是指人的不定代词时，如one,ones,anyone,noone,those,all,nobody,anybody,none等时，用who不用that。第2页共4页Peoplealllikethosewhohavegoodmanners.（2）在therebe句型中，多用who指代人。TherearesomepeoplewhowanttohaveholidaysinHainan.（3）当先行词指特定的人时，关系代词多用who，不指特定的人时多用that。Theauntwhocametoseeuslastweekismyfather'syoungersister.（4）在非限制性定语从句中作主语时，用who不用that。ProfessorWang,whoisoversixty,stillworksharddayandnight.（5）当先行词有较长的后置定语或在被分割的定语从句中时，不用who不用which。ProfessorSmithiscomingsoonwhowillgiveusatalkonhowtolearnEnglish.4.ofwhom,ofwhich,whose的用法解析。（1）whose的用法①whose引导定语从句，后应紧跟名词，构成名词短语。Thebay,whosefatherisanengineer,studiesveryhard.②whose引导定语从句时，先行词既可是人，也可指物。Thebicycle,whosebrakewasdamaged,hasnowbeenrepaired.③whose在定语从句中与它修饰的名词一起可作介词宾语，可以与介词一起放在先行词与从句之间。在whose引导的定语从句中，可用ofwhich代替whose，但词序不同，即“whose＋名词＝the＋名词＋of＋which”；而用ofwhom代替时只能指人，有时可以与whose互换。Theboss,inwhosefactoryMary'sfatheronceworked,iskindtoher.Helivesintheroom,whosewindow(thewindowofwhich)facessouth.（2）下列情况只用ofwhich或ofwhom，而不用whose引导定语从句。①定语从句的主语是some,many,few,little,much,most等词时，用ofwhich/whom，不用whose。Herearethequestions,someofwhichIthoughtdifficultforyou.PresentatthemeetingwerealmostexpertsonDNA,mostofwhomcamefromtheUSA.②定语从句的主语是all,both,neither,each,none等词时，用ofwhich/whom，不用whose。Hehastwosons,bothofwhomaredoctors.Iboughthimtwopiecesofclothing,neitherofwhichhelikes.③定语从句的主语是表示数量的词时，用ofwhich/whom，不用whose。Herearemanybooks,twoofwhichheborrowed.5.as与which都可以代指主句中的一部分或整个句子的内容，有时可以互换。Hemarriedher,as(which)wasnatural.（1）as导的定语从句可以放在句首，而which则不能。Asisknowntousall,Chinaisdevelopingrapidly.（2）as表示“正如，正像”，而which无此意。此时，as从句中常有know,expect,happen,pointout,plan,suggest等单词或短语。Hecamebackhomelate,asweexpected.Asispointedout,thisisagrammarproblem.PeoplegenerallyagreethatAmericanEnglishdiffersfromBritishEnglishabit,asissaidabove.注意：as引导的定语从句常见句式有asisknowntoall,asisoftenthecase,asismentionedabove,asisannounced（3）当先行词被thesame,such修饰时，定语从句需用as引导。Itissuchadifficultproblemasnoneofuscanworkout.Hewearsthesamecoatasmine.注意：但是当先行词被thesame...as指同样或同类的事物；thesame...that指同一个事物。ThisisthesamewatchasIlost.（不是同一块表）ThisisthesamewatchthatIlost.（是同一块表）第3页共4页二、“介词＋关系代词”结构1.“介词＋关系代词”可引导限制性定语从句，也可引导非限制性定语从句。Onesubjecttowhichcountrymusicoftenreturnsisthegoodolddays.Wewenttohearthisfamoussinger,aboutwhomwehadheardmanystories.2.“介词＋关系代词”结构中的介词可以是in,on,about,from,for,through,with,to,at,against,without,by,of等。介词放在关系代词前，关系代词只能用whom或which。ThereisabigwindowinmyromthroughwhichIcanseetherailwaystation.OldHarryisanordinary-lookingman,onthenoseofwhomisapairofthickglasses.3.介词位于定语从句末尾时，可用that/which（指物），that/whom/who（指人）作从句中介词的宾语。ThisisthehousethatLuXunoncelivedin.＝ThisisthehouseinwhichLuXunoncelived.Heistheverypersonthatthebossislookingfor.＝Heistheverypersonforwhomthebossislooking.4.“介词＋关系代词”结构可代替when,where,why,that等。但要注意介词的位置变化以及相应的关系词的变化。Thatisthecollegeatwhichheworks.whichheworksat.whereheworks.thatheworksat.heworksat.5.“介词＋关系代词”结构在定语从句中可作状语或定语，并可与别的名词一起作状语。Theplaceatwhichthebridgeissupposedtobebuiltshouldbewherethecross-rivertrafficistheheaviest.Don'tgetclosetothehouse,theroofofwhichisunderrepaired.I'llgotoBeijing,inwhichcaseI'llgotovisitmyaunt.6.“介词＋关系代词”在含有被动结构的定语从句中作状语，表示动作的执行者。Therascalbywhomthelittleboywasbeatenwasarrestedthismorning.7.“名词、数次、介词＋关系代词”的常见形式。名词/one/two/some/none/all/both/several/many/most/afew/ali