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法国大革命后西方妇女提出了天赋人权旗帜,到20世纪上上半叶,西方妇女得到参政权,而此时阿拉伯妇女仍生活在中世纪式的封闭中,没有政治权力,深闺制度使妇女在婚姻上不平等。二十世纪初才被受过西方教育的伊斯兰改革主义者意识到,二十世纪五十年代后,埃及,伊拉克,叙利亚,莫洛赫,突尼斯约旦阿尔及利亚等国妇女取得了与男子平等的选举权和被选举权,目前只有沙特等几个海湾国家妇女没有政治权利,一夫多妻制也未受限制。侯赛因阿明被认为是阿拉伯女权运动的里程碑,但阿拉伯妇女解放是在男性的启蒙下进行的,而不是自觉进行的,可以说阿拉伯各国妇女地位的提高有时取决于男性政治家的态度。阿拉伯女权运动的突出成就表现在教育上,但受教育比例仍不到百分之三十阿拉伯女权运动发展缓慢的原因生产力低下,发展慢伊斯兰教对妇女观念的影响古兰经和圣训对婚姻家庭妇女地位方面的规定又较为详细,受到国家所处环的影响,运动发展之初受到殖民主义和半殖民主义影响,当我们说道人权的时候,自然会想到的是政治权利,经济去啊你,人身自由权利文化权利,宗教信仰,言论自由等权利似乎这些权利在我们看来再平凡不过,但当我们把视角转向伊斯兰世界,就会发现很多不同。Sexualandreproductiverightsofwomenareessentialcomponentsofhumanrights.Theyshouldneverbetransferred,renouncedordeniedforanyreasonbasedonrace,religion,origin,politicalopinionoreconomicconditions.Womenhavetherighttothehighestattainablestandardofhealthcareforallaspectsoftheirreproductiveandsexualhealth(RSH).Theprincipleofautonomyemphasizestheimportantroleofwomeninthedecision-making.Choicesofwomeninreproduction,afterprovidingevidencebasedinformation,shouldberespected.Risks,benefitsandalternativesshouldbeclearlyexplainedbeforetheymaketheirfreeinformedconsent.Justicerequiresthatallbetreatedwithequalstandardandhaveequalaccesstotheirhealthneedswithoutdiscriminationorcoercion.Whenresourcesarelimitedthereistensionbetweentheprincipleofjusticeandutility.IslamicperspectivesofbioethicsareinfluencedbyprimarySharianamelytheHolyQuran,authenticatedtraditionsandsayingoftheProfitMohamed(PBUH),IgmaaandKias(analogy).AllthecontemporaryethicalprinciplesareemphasizedinIslamicShariaa,thustheseprinciplesshouldbeobservedwhenprovidingreproductiveandsexualhealthservicesforMuslimfamiliesorcommunities.TheFamilyisthebasicunitinIslam.Safemotherhood,familyplanning,andqualityreproductiveandsexualhealthinformationandservicesandassistedreproductivetechnologyareallencouragedwithintheframeofmarriage.WhiletheShiaasectpermitseggdonation,andsurrogacytheSunnisectforbidsathirdpartycontributiontoreproduction.HarmfulpracticesinRSHasFGM,childmarriageandadolescentpregnancyareprohibitedinIslam.Conscientiousobjectiontotreatmentshouldnotrefrainthephysicianfromappropriatereferral.关键词
本文标题:伊斯兰女权
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