非谓语动词常考知识用法必背

1非谓语动词常考知识点用法必背一、作宾语（一）以下动词后，只能跟不定式作宾语affordtodo（付得起），agreetodo（同意），decidetodo（决定），determinetodo（决心），expecttodo（期待），failtodo（未履行），help(to)do（帮助），hopetodo（希望），learntodo（学会），managetodo（设法），offertodo（主动提出），plantodo（计划），pretendtodo（假装），promisetodo（答应），refusetodo（拒绝），seemtodo（觉得好像），wanttodo（想要），wishtodo（希望）happentodo举例：1.Thedriverfailedtoseetheothercarintime.司机没能及时看见另一辆车。2.Ihappentoknowtheanswertoyourquestion.我碰巧知道你那道问题的答案。3.Hemanagedtopassthedrivingtest.他设法通过了驾驶考试。4.Myfatherpromisedtobuymeanewbike.我爸爸答应给我买一辆新单车。5.Hecan’taffordtobuyanexpensivecar.他买不起昂贵的小车。6.Wedecidetostudyhardfromnowon.我们决定从现在起努力学习。（二）以下动词后，只能跟动名词作宾语avoiddoing(避免)，considerdoing（考虑做），enjoydoing（乐于做），keepdoing（继续做）finishdoing（完成），suggestdoing（建议做），dislikedoing（不喜欢），escapedoing（逃脱）cannothelpdoing（禁不住），imaginedoing（想象），minddoing（介意），missdoing（错过），practisedoing（练习），appreciate感激，欣赏举例：1.Youcanhardlyavoidmeetingherifyoubothworkinthesameoffice.如果你们两人在同一个办公室做事，你几乎免不了要遇见她。2．Weareconsideringgoingshoppingthisafternoon.我们正考虑下午去购物。3.Ienjoyreadinginthelibraryatweekend.我喜欢周末在图书馆看书。4.Thelittlegirlescapedbeinginjuredintheaccident.这个小女孩没有在这次事故中受伤。5.WeoftenpracticespeakingEnglishinthemorning.我们经常在早上练习说英语。6．Iappreciatehavingbeengiventheopportunitytostudyabroadtwoyearsago.我很感激两年前能有出国学习的机会.（三）以下动词后，既可跟动名词又可跟不定式作宾语，但意义不同stoptodo停下、、、去做另一件事meantodo计划/打算做某事trytodo尽力做某事stopdoing停止做某事meandoing意味着trydoing尝试做某事regrettodo遗憾没有/要去做某事goontodo接着去做某事forgettodo忘记去做某事regretdoing后悔做了某事goondoing继续做某事forgetdoing忘记曾做过某事remembertodo记得要去做某事rememberdoing记得曾做过某事（四）作介词宾语：devoteto(doing)sth献身于，objectto(doing)sth.反对，payattentionto注意getdownto开始着手做，leadto导致,lookforwardto(doing)sth.盼望stickto坚持，beusedto(doing)sth习惯于等giveupdoing放弃feellikedoing想要做某事keepondoing继续insiston（doing）坚持e.g.1.Iamlookingforwardtoseeingyouagain.2.Thelittleboyfeelslikebeingtakenoutside.3.Mygrandfatherisusedtogettingupearlyinthemorning.4.Hehasdevotedhiswholelifetoteaching.（五）以下动词后，既可跟动名词又可跟不定式作宾语，但意义没有大区别begintodobegindoingstarttodostartdoing开始做continuetodocontinuedoing继续做liketodolikedoing2二、作宾语补足语（一）动词不定式做宾补advisesb.todosth.建议某人做persuadesb.todosth.=persuadesb.intodoingsth.说服某人做expectsb.todosth.期望某人做wouldlikesb.todosth./wantsb.todosth.想要某人做allowsb.todosth.=permitsb.todosth允许某人做.forbidsb.todosth.禁止某人做encouragesb.todosth鼓励某人做.prefersb.todosth.宁愿某人做tell/asksb.todosth.要求某人做remindsb.todosth.提醒某人做getsb.todosth.让某人做forcesb.todosth.强迫某人做helpsb.(to)dosth.帮助某人做1.Mymotheroftenremindsmetostudyhard.2.Theteachergotustodosomereadingpracticeafterclass.3.Theworkerswereforcedtoworkdayandnight.4.Weencouragehimtohaveatryonceagain.5.MyclassmatesadvisemetoreadEnglishaloudeverymorning.6.Childrenareforbiddentoplaynearthebank.7.Mygrandmotherpersuadedhimtogiveupsmoking.Mygrandmotherpersuadedhimintogivingupsmoking.（二）主语+感官动词（see/watch/hear/notice/feel）+宾语+do动作全过程：做了某事使役动词（have/make/let/keep/find）doing动作正在进行Ifeltthefloormove.done表被动:某人/事被、、、、Iwatchedtheglassesonthetablefalloffontotheground.Weheardsomeonesingingoutsidetheclassroom.Theysawhimplayingbasketballontheplayground.Isawathiefcaughtbythepolicejustnow.I’msorrytohavekeptyouwaitingsolong.Hecouldn’tmakehimselfheardinsuchanoisyroom.Wefoundahorsetiedtoabigtree.（三）with+宾语+todo表将来，表未做的动作doing表主动done表完成、被动Withlotsofhomeworktodo,wewillbeverybusytoday.有很多作业要做，今天我们会很忙。Withlotsofhomeworkdone,wearenotverybusytoday.很多作业已完成了，今天我们不是很忙。Withtheteacherhelpingus,wefinishedthehomeworkeasily.有老师的帮助，我们很容易就完成了作业。三、作定语和表语（主要区别现在分词和过去分词）常见的词有：interesting有趣的exciting令人激动的delighting令人高兴的interested感兴趣的excited感到激动的delighted感到高兴的disappointing令人失望的encouraging令人鼓舞的pleasing令人愉快的puzzling令人费解的disappointed感到失望的encouraged感到鼓舞的pleased感到愉快的puzzled感到费解的satisfying令人满意的surprising令人吃惊的worrying令人担心的satisfied感到满意的surprised感到吃惊的worried感到担心的Wearesatisfiedwiththesatisfyinganswer.Iamveryinterestedintheinterestingstory.Theparentswereworriedabouttheirworryingson.Theyweresurprisedatthesurprisingnews.Theteacherwasdisappointedtoknowthedisappointingresult.四、其它常用结构:(1)preventsb./sth.（from）doingsth.阻止某人做/阻止某事发生=stopsb.(from)doingsth.阻止某人做/阻止某事发生=keepsb.fromdoingsth.阻止某人做/阻止某事发生3keepsb./sth.doingsth.让某人一直在做某事catchsb.doingsth.抓住某人正在做某事spend…(in)doingsth.花….做某事waste….doingsth.浪费…..做某事havedifficulty/trouble(in)doingsth.在做….方面有困难havenochoicebuttodosth.别无选择,只能…….donothing/anythingbutdo除……不能1.Theheavyrainpreventedus(from)goingoutlastnight.昨天晚上大雨阻止我们出去.Theheavyrainstoppedus(from)goingoutlastnight.Theheavyrainkeptusfromgoingoutlastnight.2．Thebosskepttheworkersworkingfrommorningtonight.3.Ispenttwohours(in)finishingmyhomeworkthisevening.今天晚上我花了两个小时完成我的作业.4.Hewastedalotoftimeandmoneyplayingcomputergames.他浪费了大量的时间和金钱玩电脑游戏.5.Theyhavesomedifficulty(in)communicatingwithothers.他们在和别人交流方面有困难.6.Wehavenochoicebuttoputoffthemeetingbecauseofthebadweather.因为糟糕的天气我们别无选择，只能把会议延期。7.Youcandonothingnowbutwaitforthereply.你现在什么都不能做，只能等回复。8．Theteachercaughtthatstudentcheatingintheexam.老师抓住那个学生正在考试作弊。(2)Itis/wasbrave/careless/kind/nice/honest/polite/rude/wrongofsb.todosth.1.Itisverykindofyoutosayso.2.Itisrudeofyoutoquarrelwiththeteacher.3.Itwashonestofhimtoadmitwhathehaddone.4.Itwaswrongofy