初中现在完成时讲解与练习全课件.ppt

现在完成时have/has+过去分词nowpastfuture一般过去时现在完成时一般过去时表示的是纯粹在过去发生的事情现在完成时表示的是在过去某个时间开始并持续到现在的动作/状态,或者发生在过去却对现在造成的影响过去分词的构成1.直接加-ed。如：play-played2.以字母e结尾的直接加d。如：name-named3.以辅音字母加y结尾的，变y为i加ed。如：carry-carried4.重读闭音节且末尾只有一个辅音字母，双写这个辅音字母再加-ed。如：stop-stopped1)表示到现在为止已经完成或刚刚完成的动作。Nowwehaveplantedallthetrees.Hehasjustcomeback.Theyhavebuiltmanybuildingsinthiscity.现在完成时的用法2)表示过去发生的动作,强调结果或对现在的影响。Someonehasbrokenthewindow.(窗户现在是坏的)Ihavealreadylostthekey.(我现在没有钥匙)Ihaven’treadthatbookyet.(不了解书的内容)Ihavejustcleanedmyhands.(手是干净的)常与already(已经),yet(已经),just(刚刚),ever(曾经)等词连用.already:常用于肯定句中.yet:常用于否定句,疑问句尾.•在以上两种用法中常跟already,not…yet,never,just,before,ever,recently等时间继续下去的状语。3)表示过去已经开始,持续到现在,也许还会继续下去的动作或状态，常与包括现在在内的一段时间的状语连用。ShehaslearnedEnglishfor5years.HehaslivedinBeijingsincehewasborn.HashelivedinShenzhenfor4years?常与for,since引导的时间短语或从句连用.for+时间段since+时间点,since+句子since用来说明动作起始时间—“自从……”for用来说明动作延续时间长度—“长达……”Ihavelivedhereformorethantwentyyears.IhavelivedheresinceIwasborn.Myaunthasworkedinacompanysince1949.Ihavenotheardfrommyuncleforalongtime.比较since和for注意：并非有for作为时间状语的句子都用现在完成时Iworkedhereformorethantwentyyears.(我现在已不在这里工作。)Ihaveworkedhereformanyyears.(现在我仍在这里工作。)现在完成时Presentperfect句型1.肯定句“主语+have（has）＋过去分词”。注意：该句式中的have或has是助动词，has用于第三人称单数，其它人称一律用have。.疑问句have（has)+主语+过去分词（回答用“Yes，．．．have（has）．／“No，．．．haven’t（hasn’t）．”）.否定句：主语+“haven't（hasn't）＋过去分词”。Ihaveeatenmylunch.Shehaseatenherlunch.Hehaseatenhislunch.肯定句Theyhaveeatentheirlunch.Ihavenot(haven’t)seenthefilm.Shehasnot(hasn’t)seenthefilm.现在完成时的否定形式：havenot(haven’t)+过去分词hasnot(hasn’t)+过去分词Ihaven’teatensupper.eat-eatenHehasn’tchangedhisidea.change-changedMymotherhasn’tcomebackhome.come-come否定句1.I’vealreadyhaddinner.I________________dinner________.2.Hehasjustfinishedhishomework.He________________hishomework_________.3.Mum’scookedthedinner.Mum_______________thedinner.4.Susan’slearnedEnglishatschool.Susan________________Englishatschool.haven’thadyethasn’tfinishedyethasn’tcookedhasn’tlearned把下列句子改为否定句Haveyoueatenyourbreakfast?现在完成时的一般疑问句形式Have/has提前+过去分词HaveyouknownSandyforalongtime?Yes,Ihave/No,Ihaven’t.know-knownHassheeatenanythingsince9:00a.m.Yes,shehas/No,shehasn’t.eat-eaten疑问句1.I’vealreadyhaddinner.2.Hehasjustfinishedhishomework.3.Mum’scookedthedinner.4.Susan’slearnedEnglishatschool.Haveyoualreadyhaddinner?Hashejustfinishedhishomework?Hasmumcookedthedinner?HasSusanlearnedEnglishatschool?把下列句子改为一般疑问句（for+表示一段时间的词组，since+表示过去某一时刻的词或词组）谓语只可用延续性动词.eg.---I’velivedherefor15years.eg.---I’velivedheresince15yearsago(1990)选用for和since填空:1.Wehaven’tseeneachother______alongtime.2.Hisfatherhasbeeninthefactory______10yearsago.3.Thefilmhasbeenon______20minutes.4.MrGreenhasworkedhere______hecametoChina.5.Hisgrandparentshavebeendead______severalyears.6.It’sfiveyears_______wemetlasttimeforsinceforsinceforsince注意:瞬间动词不能和时间段连用.瞬间动词joinbegin/startborrowfinish/endarrive/come··········method1:动作状态diebeoverleaveborrow/buyarrivebeginend/finishjoinmarrykeep/hadbeawaybeherebeon(上演）bemarriedbeinbedead1.他的爷爷已经去世2年了。2.Nick参军3年了.3.他离开深圳好长时间了。4.这本书我已借了4个月了.Hisgrandpahasbeendeadfor2years.Nickhasbeeninthearmyfor3years.HehasbeenawayfromShenzhenforalongtime.Ihavekeptthebookfor4months.method2:Itis+时间段since+一般过去时的句子.1.他的爷爷已经去世2年了。2.Nick参军3年了.3.他离开深圳好长时间了。4.这本书我已借了4个月了.Itis2yearssincehisgrandpadied.Itis3yearssinceNickjoinedthearmy.ItisalongtimesinceheleftShenzhen.Itis4monthssinceIborrowedthebook.1.Hedied10yearsago.---Hehasbeendeadfor10years/since10yearsago.2.Heborrowedthebook2weeksago.---Hehaskeptthebookfor2weeks.3.Heboughtthemotorbikeamonthago.---Hehashadthemotorbikeforamonth.4.Hearrivedherethreedaysago.---Hehasbeenheresincethreedaysago.5.Theyturnedonthelight2hoursago.---Thelighthasbeenonfor2hours.延续性动词和瞬间性动词之间的转化(keys)•6.Helefthere2yearsago.•---He____________fromherefor2years.•7.Thefilmbegan30minutesago.•---Thefilm____________for30minutes.•8.Theyopenedthedooranhourago.•---Thedoor____________foranhour.•9.Theyclosedthedooranhourago.•---Thedoor____________foranhour.•10.Hejoinedthearmylastyear.•---He________a____forayear.•---He____________thearmyforayear.•---It____ayear____hejoinedthearmy.•6.Helefthere2yearsago.•---Hehasbeenawayfromherefor2years.•7.Thefilmbegan30minutesago.•---Thefilmhasbeenonfor30minutes.•8.Theyopenedthedooranhourago.•---Thedoorhasbeenopenforanhour.•9.Theyclosedthedooranhourago.•---Thedoorhasbeenclosedforanhour.•10.Hejoinedthearmylastyear.•---Hehasbeenasoldierforayear.•---Hehasbeeninthearmyforayear.•---Itisayearsincehejoinedthearmy.1）一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。Isawthisfilmyesterday.（强调看的动作发生过了。）Ihaveseenthisfilm.（强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。）2）一般过去时常与具体的表示过去的时间状语连用;现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。一般过去时的时间状语:yesterday,lastweek，…ago,in1990,inOctober,justnow,…--具体的时间状语现在完成时的时间状语:for,since,sofar,ever,never,just,yet,till/until,uptonow,inthepastfewyears,recently,…--模糊的时间状语HehasgonetoShanghai.他(已经)去上海了。HehasbeentoShanghai.他(曾经)去过上海。比较have/hasbeentohave/hasgonetoHewenttoShanghailastweek.他(曾经)到/去过上海[在他人生中曾经有过这样的经历,但他人现在肯定不是在上海而是回来了]他已经去上海了[也许刚动身出发,也许已经到了,也许还在路上,反正他人不在这里]上周他[做了一件事:那就是]去了上海Heh