-Jane-Austen

JaneAusten(1775-1817)LectureOutline1.IntroductiontoJaneAusten2.WritingTechniques3.socialcustomsinJaneAusten'stime4.Appreciation:PrideandPrejudice她以十分逼真的手法刻画了一些普普通通的、而非出类拔萃的人，他们通过极其普通的谈话和行为举止把自己完全而一致的呈现出来。简奥斯汀的沉静和自制，以及绝妙地用平静的言辞去表达她平静的内容，这些特点，较之于那些热情洋溢、言辞滔滔不绝的伟大作家，同样显示出她的创作天才。---《剑桥英国文学史》LifeA.acountryclergyman’sdaughterB.educatedathome;C.nevermarried;uneventfullife,domesticdutiesJaneAusten’sNovels–1.NorthangerAbbey1818–《诺桑觉寺》–2.SenseandSensibility1811–《理智与情感》–3.PrideandPrejudice1813–《傲慢与偏见》JaneAusten’sNovels–4.MansfieldPark1814–《曼斯菲尔德花园》–5.Emma1816–《爱玛》–6.Persuasion1818–《劝告》InfluenceOneofthemostinfluentialnovelistsoftheearly19thcenturyFamousforherbiting(辛辣的)socialcommentaryandmasterfuluseofironyAlsothefirstEnglishwomentobreakthemalemonopolyofnovelwriting.时代背景•Middleclassgainedsocialstatus;knownaslandedgentry（地主阶级）•Newlyacquiredwealthandpossessions---ProfitsfromIndustrialRevolutionandexpandingcolonialsystem•Strivedtoalign(结盟)themselveswithEngland’slandedaristocracy.•Purchasedestatesandcountryhomestorivalaristocraticmansions乔治三世HerfictionalworldHerviewsonthenovel:“threeorfourfamiliesinaCountryvillageistheverythingtoworkon”.threeorfourlandedgentryfamiliesinavillagewiththeirdailyroutinelife.(calls,walks,picnics,conversations,parties,balls,marriages)DancesfigureprominentlyinJaneAusten’snovels.Whetherperformedinpublicassembly(礼堂)roomsorinprivate,dancesofferedsocialopportunitiesforyoungpeopletomixandmingleandconverseinanacceptablefashionCharacteristicsofherWorks•1.Shedrewvividandrealisticpicturesofeverydaylifeofthecountrysocietyinhernovels.•2.Thethemesofhernovelsofteninvolvelove,marriageoftheyoung;theirmaturityaftertheirlossofvisionary.CharacteristicsofherWorks•3.JaneAusten’smainconcernisabouthumanbeingsintheirpersonalrelations,humanbeingswiththeirfamiliesandneighbors.•StoriesofloveandmarriageprovidetheframeworkforallhernovelsandinthemwomenarealwaystakenasthemajorcharactersOtherFeatures•4.JaneAustenissuccessfulintheemploymentofironyandfrequentuseofwittyanddelightfuldialogues.奥斯丁以婚姻为主题并采用讽刺、幽默的笔法细致地描绘了18世纪末19世纪初英国乡镇中产阶级的生活景象。《傲慢与偏见》就是其中之一。作品中的句法结构和遣词造句颇有特色，主要通过对话来表现人物性格。小说中的人物各自有着不同的说话风格，具有鲜明的个性，如贝内特太太言辞虚浮夸张、大惊小怪、尖声叫嚷，显得格外俗气，她的女儿伊丽莎白则敢于挑战贵族青年达西，表现出对门第的蔑视，并在谈吐中确立起一位聪慧、机智、勇敢和可爱的女性形象。小说第1章开篇那句话：“凡是有钱的单身汉总想娶位太太，这已是举世公认的真理”值得回味，点出了作品的意图。本应成为“猎手”的有钱的单身汉却沦为女人们追逐的“猎物”。当贝内特太太获悉邻里新近搬来一位名叫宾利的年轻富家子弟后，再也按捺不住内心的激动，于是与丈夫商讨如何急速拜访这位新来的邻居，希望把某个女儿嫁给他。整个情景在这对夫妇的对话中展开，前后一问一答，把老夫妻各自的性格特征表现得淋漓尽致。小说的第58章是全书的转折点。伊丽莎白得知是达西促成了妹妹莉迪亚和韦恩的亲事后深为感激。于是她改变了对达西的态度。奥斯丁写出了两人消除误会，言归于好后的情感交会。语句结构清晰自然，富有节奏感。LeadingcharactersMr.Darcy•Darcyisrepresentativeofhereditary(世袭的)aristocracy.•Wealthylandownerwhodoesnothavetoworkforaliving•Employsworkerstofarmhisland,surroundingfamiliesdependonhispatronage赞助Mr.DarcyRichEducatedarrogantconceited自负的overbearing专横的,飞扬跋扈的alert,observantconsiderateTheBingleys•Bingleysrepresentthenewlandedgentry•Bingley’sfatheracquiredwealththroughtrade,gaveuphisbusiness,andmovedhisfamilytothecountry•HeandhissistersarenowconsideredupperclassCharlesBingleyhandsome,good-natured,andwealthyandmorepopularthanhisfriendDarcy,whoismoreintelligentandwealthierbutmorearrogantJaneBennetElizabethBennetTheBennets•Bennetsownland,buttheyareamiddle-classfamily•LongbournHouseinHertfordshire–2,000peryear•Mustworktocultivateland•FewservantsandlimitedfinancialresourcesMr.BennetMr.Bennetisthepatriarch家长oftheBennethousehold.odd=strangesarcastichumor爱挖苦人reserved缄默的，冷淡的capricious反复无常的cynical(愤世嫉俗的)Sheiseasytobenervous,philistine(adj.市侩的),Shallow,anempty-headed,naivewoman,andiseagertotalkwithslightencouragement.Noisyandfoolish,sheisawomanconsumed(对…着迷)bythedesiretoseeherdaughtersmarriedandseemstocarefornothingelseintheworld.MrsBennetFiveDaughters•1.Janebeautiful•2.Lizzintelligent•3.Maryofdeepreflection•4.Kittytough•5.Lydiagood-humoredChapteroneItisatruthuniversallyacknowledged,thatasinglemaninpossessionofagoodfortunemustbeinwantofawife.Isthisareallyuniversallyacknowledgedtruth?Howdoyouinterprettheironictoneintheopeningsentence?Howcloselyisitrelatedwiththethemeofthenovel?Thesentencebeginsasthoughthenovelweregoingtobeagreatphilosophicaldiscourse.“Itisatruthuniversallyacknowledged”impliesthatthenovelwilldealwithgreattruths,butthesecondhalfofthesentencerevealsthatthegreatuniversaltruthisjustacommonsocialsituation.Thusthereisanironicdifferencebetweentheformalmannerofthestatementandtheultimatemeaningofthesentence.The“truth”spokenofisthatasinglemaninpossessionofafortunemustneedawife,whereasinrealitythesentencemeansthatawomanwithoutafortuneneedsamanwithafortuneforahusband.Thefirstchapterconsistsalmostentirelyofadialogue,atypicalinstanceofAusten’stechniqueofusingthemannerinwhichcharactersexpressthemselvestorevealtheirtraitsandattitudes.4.WhyisMrs.Benneteagertomarryherdaughters?women;second-classcitizens.Beforemarriage,theydependedontheirfather.Underthelawofthetime,theyhadnorighttoinheritthepropertyfromtheirparents,togetajob.Aftermarriage,theyhadtodependontheirhusbands.Thatistosay,ifMr.Bennetdiesoneday,thefamilyestatewillpassontohisnearestmalere