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1ArgumentExample调查1,Selectivesample:样本选择,一部分被排除在外Onemajorproblemisaboutthesampletheauthorstudiedinthesurvey.theauthorconsidersonly...(selectivesub-groups)although(thesub-groupstheauthorstudied)doconstituteasignificantpartof(thewholegeneralpopulation),however,(manyothersub-groups)areactuallyexcludedfromthesurvey.Perhaps...or...withoutrulingoutallthepossibilitiesabove,theauthorcouldnotmakeanygeneralconclusionabout...merelybasedon(selectivesub-groups).4,14,16,45,63,65,67,80,84,88,90,97,123,146,154,156,168,179,185,193,196,207,227,231,232,236,238,2392,Quantityofthesample样本数量(pointingoutthatthecurrentsampleistoosmallinitssize)(thefactcitedbytheauthor)couldhardlyillustratetheassumptionthat...becausetheauthorprovidesonlyNsamplesof(thegeneralpopulation),however,(thelimitedsample)mightnotberepresentativeofthewholegeneralgroup.thuswecannotaccepttheauthor’sconclusionthat...beforehe/shecouldprovidemorestatisticdataabout(thesituationofothersub-groups).10,14,33,40,53,69,95,115,123,132,139,150,154,158,167,179,180,188,191,2393,Dothestatisticsmakeanydifference:调查只调查了部分情况,忽略了一部分Theinformationprovidedbytheauthorisinsufficientfortheauthortoreachtheconclusion.thesurveyonlystudiesthesituationof...(an(some)insignificantcase(s)),however,manyothermoreessentialcases(relatedtothefinalconclusion)wereignoredinthesurvey.(weneedtoknowtheconditionofsomeothercasesaboutwhichwecaremore/thecurrentcasestudiedinthesurveymakeslittlesenseonthefinalconclusion,theauthorshouldprovidesomemoreimportantinformationaboutthecasehestudied.)Lackingfurtherstudiesontheseimportantissues,theauthorcouldnothastilyconcludethat...merelybasedontheinsignificantstudy.158,165,183,202,211,21717,115,147,2205,Whoconductedthesurvey:结果扭曲,调查者为了自己的利益Thereliabilityofthesurveyisalsoopentodoubtduetotheorganizationwhoconductedthesurvey.(theorganization)hasvestedinterestinthefinaldecision/conclusionwhichwasbasedontheresultofthesurvey,andthusmightdistorttheactualanswersoftherespondents.(theinstitution/individualsmaybenefitgreatlyfromtheresultiftheresultwasinterpretedaswascurrently)Thus,theauthorshouldciteasurveywhichisconductedbyanindependentinstitutiontoconvinceusthat(theassumption).115,1566,Whenwasthesurveyconducted:时间变化Theeffectivenessoftheresultofthesurveycitedbytheauthorasmainevidenceisalsoopentodoubt.Thesurveywasconduct(duringaspecialperiod,oralongtimeago),thusmaynotreflectthecurrentsituationsaccurately.Itistruethat(thesurveymayreflecttheopinionsorsituationsofrespondentsatthetimewhenitwasconducted),butpeople’sopiniontoward(thesubjectsurveyed)mayhavechangedgreatlyduringthepasttime(or,whilethisfactcouldnotsufficientlyillustratethat(thegeneralgroup)willalso...allthetime)(manyfactorsthatcouldinfluencethevalidityofthesurveywillchangeinthefuture,orrespondentsmayactdifferentlyduringtheperiodwhenthesurveywasconducted,thustheresultofthesurveycouldnotrepresenttheall-timesituation.)Thus,amorerecentsurvey,ifasurveyisneededatall,shouldbeprovidedtosufficientlyillustratetheauthor’sassumptionthat...27,Vaguedata:数据模糊—没有基数Theinformationconcerning...isnotaccurateenoughforustoevaluatetheactualconditionof...Theauthoronlyinformsusthat(thepercentage/fractionofsub-groupswhich...butwedonotknowthebaseamountof(thegeneralgroup)(ifthebaseamountorcorrespondingfractionsvary,theconclusionwouldbedifferent.)Forlackofdetailedinformationabout(thebaseamount/fractionof)...wecanhardlyassess...4,5,8,9,11,12,14,16,20,22,23,25,27,31,32,39,42,44,49,52,55,68,70,71,73,77,79,87,89,100,103,120,122,124,130,133,134,135,141,143,144,145,155,159,165,175,177,182,183,189,194,196,199,200,203,204,206,211,212,214,216,222,223,231,236,2388,Incompleteinformation:数据不完整Theauthordoesnotprovidecompleteinformationconcerning...inillustratingthat...Theauthoronlyinformsusthat...butwhatwecaremoreaboutisthat...whichisnotprovidedbytheauthor.(someothersubstantialinformationareneededforustoassessthesoundnessoftheargument,andtheconclusionwouldvarygreatlywhenotherconditionsvaried.)Forlackofdetailedinformationabout...wecanhardlyevaluate...6,7,8,10,14,15,17,18,20,21,24,27,29,30,32,35,36,38,39,42,43,44,46,49,52,54,64,65,66,68,70,71,73,77,79,81,82,83,84,85,87,88,89,90,91,92,94,95,96,97,98,99,100,103,104,105,107,108,116,117,119,120,127,130,135,137,141,143,144,145,147,150,152,155,161,165,166,167,168,169,170,171,172,174,175,179,180,181,183,184,185,191,192,193,198,199,200,203,205,206,211,212,213,214,215,216,217,218,219,221,222,224,225,226,228,229,231,232,233,235,237,238,239,240,241,2429,Aretherespondentsforthrightwhenansweringthequestions:回答者不真实Thereliabilityoftherespondents...answerstothesurvey’squestionisnotsufficientlyjustifiedtosupporttheconclusion...Thereispossibilitythattherespondentsmaynottellthetruthabout..(answeringthequestionshonestlymayleadtosomeundesirableconsequencesfortherespondents,thustheymayevadethecrucialpoint,orevenlieintheiranswers.)Undersuchcircumstances,itisalmostimpossibleforustoexpecttherespondentstoprovideaccurateinformationabouttheiropiniontoward...92,199,211,24210,Aretherespondentsrepresentative:回答者没有代表性Weshouldalsonoticethattheres
本文标题:GRE作文Argument模板+错误分类
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