国际贸易理论与实务――英语专业专用(英文版)

一、名词解释：5×4’=20分1.Internationaltradeistheexchangeofgoodsandservicesacrossnationalbordersorterritories.2.Generaltradesystemisonthebaseofnationalboundary.Thegeneraltradesystemisinusewhenthestatisticalterritoryofacountrycoincideswithitseconomicterritory.3.TheLeontiefParadoxreferstotheconflictbetweentheconclusionofH-Otheoryandactualcertification.ItwasintroducedbyWassilyLeontiefwhowasthepioneerofinput-outputeconomicsinhisInput-outputEconomicspublishedin1966.LeontiefresearchedthelaborandcapitalcontentoftheUSAimportsandexportsin1947and1951.4.GSPisasystemcurrencyinplacewherealargenumberofdevelopedcountriespermitduty-freeentryofaselectedlistofproductsifthoseproductsareimportedfromparticulardevelopingcountries.Thisduty-freeentryexistseventhoughapositivetariffisleviedifthoseproductscomeinfromdevelopedcountries,orother,richerdevelopingcountries.5.ImportQuotareferstotherestrictionimposedonimportgoodsintermsofquantityandtotalvalueinacertainperiod.6.“Voluntary”exportrestraintsInacertainperiod(usually3to5years)theexporterstakeexportquotasofsomeproductsvoluntarilyunderthepressureordemandofimporters.7.Billofexchangeisanunconditionalorderinwritingsignedbytheperson(drawer),andaddressedtoanotherperson(drawee),requiringthedraweetopayastatedsumofmoneytootherperson(payee)ondemand，oratafixedordeterminablefuturetime.8.GeneralAverageisalegalprincipleofmaritimelawaccordingtowhichallpartiesinaseaventureproportionallyshareanylossesresultingfromavoluntarysacrificeofpartoftheshiporcargotosavethewholeinanemergency.9.Collectionmeansthattheexporteraskshisbanktocollectpaymentfromtheimporter.二、问答题：9’×4=36分1.WhatarethebasiccontentsofMercantilism?1)BackgroundEconomic:currencybecametheonlygoalGeographical:geographicaldiscoveryPolitical:thebourgeoisieareinalliancewithfeudalroyal2)MercantilistthoughtViewofwealth:goldandsilverweretheonlywealthResourceofwealth:foreigntradePrecondition:tradesurplusMeanstoachievement:stateintervention2.Whatarethebasicthoughtsofinfantindustryargument?Theinfantindustryargumentisaneconomicrationalefortradeprotectionism.Thecoreoftheargumentisthatnascentindustriesoftendonothavetheeconomiesofscalethattheiroldercompetitorsfromothercountriesmayhave,andthusneedtobeprotecteduntiltheycanattainsimilareconomiesofscale.3.Whatarethedifferencesbetweenthecommoditydumpingandexchangedumping?Difference：WaystoReduceExportPriceExecutorScopeofgoodsinfluencedImpactonimportCommodityDumpingArtificiallyLowthePriceManufacturesIndividualCommodityNoImpactExchangeDumpingCurrencydevaluationStatesAlltheexportsRestrainImport4.Whataretheformsofregionaleconomicintegration?Givethreetypicalexamples.P112-1141)Preferentialtradearrangement2)Freetradearea3)CustomsUnion4)Commonmarket5)EconomicunionExamples：EU，NAFTA，APEC5.Giveexamplestoillustratethetermscreationandtradediversion.Tradecreation:positivethehigh-costhomeproductionwillbetookplacebylow-costproductionofothermembers.getconsumptionbenefits&productionbenefitsExample：Tradediversion:negativethelow-costimportsfromnon-membersturntohigh-costimportsfromothermembers.Thelocalconsumers’profitsarereduced.Thebenefitlevelofthewholeworldarereduce.关税100％C20元35元26元BＡ75%Example：6.ComparethecommonalitiesanddifferencesbetweenFOB,CFRandCIF.Thecommonalities:TheyareallusedinwatertransportationonlyThesellerdeliversonboardinportofshipmentTheriskisdividedbyship’srailTheybelongtosymbolicdeliveryThedifference:FOB+F+I=CFR+I=CIFTradeTermsRisksDutiesCostsPasstheship’srailTransportInsuranceFreightinsurancechargeFOBBuyerBuyerBuyerBuyerBuyerCFRSellerBuyerSellerBuyerCIFSellerSellerSellerSeller关税30％C35元26元BＡ20元×7.PleasedrawuptheflowdiagramofL/C.8.Whatarethedifferencebetweenbillofexchange,promissorynoteandcheck?Billsofexchange:Anunconditionalorderinwritingsignedbytheperson(drawer),andaddressedtoanotherperson(drawee),requiringthedraweetopayastatedsumofmoneytootherperson(payee)ondemand，oratafixedordeterminablefuturetime.Promissorynotes:Anunconditionalpromiseinwritingmadebyonepersontoanothersignedbythemaker,engagingtopay,ondemandoratafixedordeterminablefuturetime,asumcertaininmoneyto,ortoanorderof,aspecifiedpersonortoabearer.Check:Itisasightdraftandthebankasthedrawee.三、计算题：1×8’=8分含佣金的价格换算（见课件）计算步骤：CFR价——CIF价——含佣价CIF价=CFR价÷【1－保险费率×（1+保险加成率）】含佣价=净价（即由CFR价转换得到的CIF价）÷（1－佣金率）四、案例分析（3×7’=21分）1.Moreorlessclause（溢短装条款）①ChinaRice，100000metrictonswith2％moreorlessatSellers’option②ChinaRice，about100000metrictonsAccordingtoUCP600,thequantityofdeliverycan’textend10%moreorlessatSellers’option.③ChinaRice，100000metrictons⑧Payback⑦SendtheDoc.todemandpayment②OpenL/C⑩Documents①Application⑨Payment⑥Payment③Advice⑤Presentdocuments受益人（出口商）Shipper④Delivery开证申请人（进口商）11.takedelivery开证行/付款行通知行/议付行AccordingtoUCP600,thequantityofdeliverycan’textend5%moreorlessatSellers’option.Butitcan’tapplytothequantitycalculatedbynumber.④ThepaymentoftheexcessordeficiencyShouldbepaidatcontractvalueormarketpriceofloadingorunloading.是指允许交货时可多交或少交一定比例的数量，只要卖方交货数量在约定的增减幅度范围内，就算是按合同规定数量交货，买方就不得以交货数量不符为由而拒收货物或提出索赔。CaseStudy:Weimportedabatchofwheatfromabroad.Thecontractedquantitywas5million