2003-大型水生植物在水污染治理中的应用研究进展

种云霄　胡洪营　钱　易(,100084)　　。、,;,(BOD);,。,,:。,,。　　AdvancesinutilizationofmacrophytesinwaterpollutioncontrolChongYunxiao　HuHongying　QianYi(EnvironmentalSimulationandPollutionControlStateKeyJointLaboratory,DepartmentofEnvironmentalScienceandEngineering,TsinghuaUniversity,Beijing100084)Abstract　Macrophytescanperformmanyecologicalfunctionswhentheyareusedinwaterpollutioncontrol,in-cludingassimilatingandstoringnutrientelementssuchasnitrogenandphosphorus,transportingO2totherootzone,providingsubstratesformicrobes,inhibitinggrowthofalgae.Someofaquaticplantshavespecialabilitiestoaccumu-lateheavymetalelementsordegradeorganiccontaminants.Manytypesofmacrophyte-basedtreatmentsystemsarede-velopeddependingonthedifferenceofthelifeformsoftheplantsemployed.Amongthem,pondsystemsusingfloatingmacrophytesandconstructedwetlandsculturingemergentplantsaremostcommonlyutilized.Thisreviewconcentratsonadvanceofthemacrophyte-basedtreatmenttechnology.Themechnisimsonpollutantsremovelandfutureresearchneedsformacrophyte-basedwastewatertreatmentsystemsarediscussed.Keywords　aquaticplant;wastewatertreatment:(973)(No.G1999045711):2002-06-25;:2002-07-30:(1974～),,,。1　　,。。,,2070,,,。,、,。。2　,[1],:42Vol.4,No.220032TechniquesandEquipmentforEnvironmentalPollutionControlFeb.2003。(aquaticvascularplant),。4(life-form)[2]:(emergent)、(free-drifting)、(floating-leaved)(submer-gent)(1)。1　4,、,、,、,、2　[3—11]　　　　　、、、、、、、、,,、、、()、、、,、、、,,,,,:N、P、K,,。,,、。,。3　3.1　,3:、(2)。,,;,,[12],,。,:、、。:、。,3。,,,。,[13],,;,[11];·“(livingmachine)”372:,,,,,[14]。,,。3.2　3.2.1　3　、[1,12](thm2)(thm2a)(gkg)(gkg)20.0—24.060—11010—401.4—12.06.0—10.550—8012—401.5—11.51.36—2625—504.0—15.02.4—3.29—4520—481.8—9.04.3—22.58—615—240.5—4.0＊2253152.08—271.0—3.06.0—35.010—6018—212.0—3.0＊5133　　＊　　:(1)、;(2)。,。、,(),、,,,、,(3)。,,,、,、,,。,,[15]。,,、,、,,、、,,[15,16]。,,,。[17],,[18],(4)。,,,[19];[20],,2—3[21];,(TNT)[22]。[19],TNT,。3.2.2　,,。(BOD)3844　[25—31],,、、、、、、、;、;、,、、、;、,、、;,,、、、,BOD、,TNT、DNT[23];,,(40%—92%)[12]。。,,,,;,,,,,[24]。,,,。3.2.3　,、。,,。,,。4　,BODN(),;N、P、,;,。,、、。,(34),,、。,,。5　,,,,,。,,,,,,“”。,,,。[1]....:,1999,224—241[2]..:,1983[3]·.392:.,1993,72(2):39—44[4].-.,2000,13(2):5—19[5]..(),1995,31(2):127—132[6]AllinsonG.StagnittiF.ColvilleS.Growthoffloatingaquaticmacrophytesinalkalneindustrialwastewaters.J.Environ.Eng.,2000,12:1103—1107[7],..,1995,14(4):30—35[8],,.,.().:,1995,302—310[9]JohnT.,BethJ.Thedesignoflivingtechnologiesforwastetreatment.EcologicalEngineering,1996,6(1):109—136[10]BuskT.A.De,WilliamsL.D.,RytherJ.H.Removalofni-trogenandphosphorusfromwastewaterinawaterhyacinth-basedtreatmentsystem.J.Environ.Qual.,1985,12(2):257—262[11],,,..,1994,14(2):223—228[12]ReddyK.R.,DebuskT.A.State-of-theartutilizationofaquaticplantsinwaterpollutioncontrol.Wat.Sci.Tech.,1987,19(10):61—79[13],,,..,1995,19(1):9—15[14]·(,)..:,2000[15]..:,2001,265—267[16],,..:,1998,75—81[17],..,2000,17(6):504—512[18],,..,1994,14(4):421—438[19],..:,1984,148[20],..,1994,13(3):25—29[21]..,1986,17(1):71—76[22]JosephB.,HughesJ.TransformationofTNTbyaquaticpla-ntsandplanttissuecultures.Envion.Sci.Technol.,1997,31(1):266—271[23]SherwoodC.,ReedRonaldW.CritesE.JoeMiddlebrooks,Naturalsystemsforwastemanagementandtreatment,NewYork:Mcgraw-Hill.Inc.,1995[24]..,1995,16(3):83—86[25]Pilon-SmitsE.A.H.,deSouzaM.P.,HongG.Volatiliza-tionandaccumulationbytwentyaquaticplantspecies.J.En-viron.Qual.,1999,128(3):1011—1018[26]QianJ.H.,ZayedA.,ZhuY.H.Phytoaccumulationoftraceelementsbywetlandplants:Ⅲ.Uptakeandaccumulationoftentraceelementsbytwelveplantspecies.J.Environ.Qual.,1999,28(5):1448—1455[27]SrivastavR.K.,GuptaS.K.,NigamK.D.P.Treatmentofchromiumandnickelinwastewaterbyusingaquaticplants.Wat.Res.,1994,28(7):1631—1638[28],,..,1999,23(4):379—384[29],,,..,1992,16(1):1—7[30]ZayedA.,GowthamanS.,TerryN.Phytoaccumulationoftraceelementsbywetlandplants:Ⅰ.Duckweed.J.Environ.Qual.,1998,27(3):715—721[31]ZhuY.L.,ZayedA.M.,QianJ.H.Phytoaccumlationoftraceelementsbywetlandplants:Ⅱ.Waterhyacinth.J.En-viron.Qual.,1999,28(1):339—344(责任编辑:刘　颖)404