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a,an,the的用法精讲及练习冠词是虚词,本身不能单独使用,也没有词义,它用在名词的前面,帮助指明名词的含义。英语中的冠词有三种,一种是定冠词(theDefiniteArticle),另一种是不定冠词(theIndefiniteArticle),还有一种是零冠词(ZeroArticle)。an,a是不定冠词,仅用在单数可数名词前面,表示“一”的意义,但不强调数目观念。a用在以辅音(指辅音音素)开头的词前,an用在以元音(指元素音素)开头的词前。the是定冠词,修饰特指名词翻译成“这个”。如果泛指某物,用a,/an,具体指某物的话,用the.注意:(1)当我们使用an时,条件有三:①这个名词的读音必须是以元音音素开头--即它的音标的第一个音素是元音,而不是说它是以元音字母开头。②它必须是个可数名词。③它还必须是个单数名词。我们常常见到这类用法:auniversity一所大学anhour一个小时anorange一只桔子anengineer一位工程师anordinaryman一个普通人anhonestperson一位诚实的人aboy,acity,agirl,ausefulanimal,anoldman,anhonestboy,abadapple,atallelephant,auniversity(虽然u是元音字母,但不读元音),anhour一个小时(虽然h不是元音,但单词读音是元音开头)不定冠词有a和an两种:a用于辅音音素开头的词前,an用于元音音素开头的词前。例如:aboy,acity,agirl,ausefulanimal,anoldman,anhonestboy,abadapple,atallelephant,auniversity(虽然u是元音字母,但不读元音),anhour一个小时(虽然h不是元音,但单词读音是元音开头)1.指某类人或事物中的任何一个。Anelephantisbiggerthanahorse.Acarrunsfasterthanabike.(2)指人或事物,用来表示“—”的意思,但不强调数的观念,只说明名词为不特定者。指人或事物即不具体说明是何人何物。例如:Therearesevendaysinaweek.Wehavethreemealsaday.Ateacherislookingforyou.Weworkfivedaysaweek.(3)不定冠词含有“—”的意思,但数量观念没有one强烈,在句子里一般可以不必译出,但若有“一个”的意思则译出,例如:There’satreeonthehill.Hehasaninterestingbook.——Anorangeisgoodforyou.桔子对你有好处。——Howmuchisit?多少钱?——Twoyuanakilo.二元一公斤。(4)一般用在可数名词单数前,指人或事物的某一种类。例如:Billisastudent.Heisadoctor.(5)用在某些固定词组中。例如:alotof,amomentago,afew,alittleabit\havearest\haveacold\akindof\apieceof\haveagoodtime6.首次提到的人或物。一.不定冠词的用法:2.指人或事物,但不具体说明何人或何物。Therearesevendaysinaweek.Wehavethreemealsaday.4.指某类人或事物中的任何一个。Anelephantisbiggerthanahorse.Acarrunsfasterthanabike.(2)定冠词在句子中,既可以用于可数名词前,也可以用于不可数名词前;既用在可数名词的单数形式前,也用在可数名词的复数形式前。从表达意义上讲,它既可表达this,that之意义,也可表达these,those之意义。二.定冠词的用法(1)特指某(些)人或某(些)事物。例如:Thebookonthedeskismine.(2)指双方都知道的人或事物。例如:Openthedoor,please.请开门。(3)用在世界上独一无二的事物前。thesuntheearththemoontheskytheworld例如:Thesunisbiggerthanthemoon.太阳比月亮大些。但这些名词作为描绘性定语时,可用不定冠词。例如:Look!Aredsunisrising.瞧!一轮红日正在升起。(4)用在序数词和形容词最高级前。例如:Thefirstislandisthebiggestofthethree.第一个小岛是三个中最大的。(5)用在用普通名词构成的党派,国家等专有名词以及江河、海洋、山脉、群岛、海峡、海湾等专有名词前。theSahara撒哈拉沙漠theJinggangMountains井冈山theChangjiangRiver长江thePacificOcean太平洋theRedSea红海theSuez苏伊士运河theUnitedNations联合国theGreatWall长城theRedCrossHospital红十字医院例如:TheywillvisittheGreatWallnextweek.(6)用在形容词前表示一类人,the+形容词指的是一群人,是一种复数含义,所以其后动词应用复数形式。therich有钱人thepoor穷人thesick病人theold老人theyoung年轻人theblind盲人例如:Theoldaresick.这些老人生病了。(7)用在姓名复数形式前表示一家人或一家人中的两个,或两个以上的人。例如:TheSmithshavemovedtoLondon.斯密斯一家去了伦敦。TheWhiteshavenochildren.怀特夫妇没有小孩。(8)用在某些习惯用语,固定搭配中。例如:inthemorning在早上ontheleft在左边thedaybeforeyesterday前天allthesame都一样atthesametime同时intheday在白天intheend最终bytheway顺便说一下intheopenair在户外thesameas....和。。。相同tellthetruth说真话(9)弹奏西方乐器前面要用定冠词,东方乐器则不用。如:PlaythepianoplayErhu(10)用于逢十数词的复数前,指世纪中的年代。Thewarbokeoutinthethirties.(11)用于方向或者方位名词前。(12)HelivestotheeastofLosAngeles.基本用法巧记:特指双方都熟悉,上文已提示。世上独无二,序数最高级某些专有名,习语及乐器。三.零冠词即不用冠词的情况:1.专有名词和不可数名词:China,ClassOne如特指可与冠词连用。2.泛指的复数名词前:Booksaremybestfriend.3.在星期(onMonday)、月份(inMarch)、季节(inSummer)、节日(inChristmas)前。4.一日三餐(havebreakfast)、球类(playbasketball)、学科(maths)、语言(inEnglish)名词前。5.职务、头衔、称呼前:Doctor,Iamnotfeelingwell.6.名词前已有指示代词、物主代词或不定冠词时。7.在某些固定短语中。bybusbybikeinbedathomeonfootinclassgotocollegegotoschooldayandnightfrommorningtillnight练习:选择a或an或者不填(用/来表示)penbagapplebigapplebananaorangeorangesorangepenhourhouseumbrellauniversity用a/an填空:①IsitChinesebookorEnglishbook?②Thisisring,anditisorangering.③MaryisEnglishteacher.TomisChineseteacher.④Thisisbike.It’soldbike.⑤Thisistelephonenumber.⑥ThatisIDcard.⑦Ilostmykeys.It’ssetofkeys.⑧It’sapple,notpear.⑨Thisispeach.That’sorange.⑩Youhavebanana,butIhaveegg.①Isthereumbrellaonthedesk?②Thereisislandinthesea.③Thereispictureonthecard.④Ihaveoldbook.⑤appleisakindoffruit.⑥Thereisarmchairinthelivingroom.⑦I’dlikeegg.⑧Look,thereisbirdinthetree.⑨Istheremaponthewall?⑩Thereisbenchinthepark.选择正确的答案1.Iam___(a,an)student.2.Thereis____(a,an)elephantinthezoo.3.Youare____(a,an)goodboy.4.Ihave____(a,an)orange.5.MissGrantis____(a,an)uglyteacher.6.Thisis_____(a,an)newbook.7.Pleasetake____(a,an)umbrella.8.Close____(a,an,the)door,please.9.Myfatheris____(a,an)doctor.10.Thereis_____(a,an)orangeonthetable.11.Hegivesme_____(a,an)sticker.12.Whatis_____(a,an,the)biggestbirdintheworld?13.Ihave____orange.____orangeisverysour.(a,an,the)14.Myfatheris____(a,an,the)man.15._____(A,An,The)moonisinthesky.16.There’s____(a,an,the)appleonthetable.17.______(a,an,The)blackboardinourclassroomisbig.18.Helikestoplay____(a,an,the)piano.19.Mondayis____(a,a,the)firstdayoftheweek.20.Myfavoriteanimalis____(a,an,the)cat.二、在需要的地方填入适当的冠词,不需要的地方填‘/’。1.Thisis_______egg.It’s_______smallegg.2.Jimhas_______bighead.3.Whois_______girlingreen?4.--Doyouhave_______knife?--Yes,Ido.Ionlyhave_______smallone.5.LucyandLilylook________same.6.Jimisfrom_______USA.Mikeisfrom________England.7.________boyoverthereisJim’s________brother.8.―Isthat________cator_______tiger?——It’s_______cat.9.Wearein________BeijingNo.2HighSchool.10.Theyarein________sameclass.1.Thereis________“h”intheword“honest”.A.aB.theC./D.an2.What________terriblelifepeopleinthesmallislandlivedatthattime!A.anB./C.aD.the3.Fatheroftensaystome,“Be________hones
本文标题:冠词的用法小结
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