新视野大学英语-第三版-book2unit6A教案

辽东学院外国语学院大学英语系列教案新视野大学英语第三版读写教程第2册辽东学院外国语学院公共英语本科教学部Copyright2007-2016Unit6SectionADoorcloser,areyou?关门者”，你是吗？1Thenexttimeyou'redecidingbetweenrivaloptions,onewhichisprimaryandtheotherwhichissecondary,askyourselfthisquestion:WhatwouldXiangYudo?1下次你要在两个难于取舍的、主要的和次要的选择之间做决定时，不妨问自己这样一个问题：项羽会怎么做？1Thenexttimeyou’redecidingbetweenrivaloptions,onewhichisprimaryandtheotherwhichissecondary,askyourselfthisquestion:WhatwouldXiangYudo?(Para.1)Meaning:Thenexttimewhenyouaretomakeachoicebetweentwocompetingoptions,youhavetodistinguishwhichistheprimaryoneandwhichistheminorone.Tobeenlightened,youcanaskyourselfwhatoptionXiangYuwouldchoose.Meaningbeyondwords:ItsuggeststhatXiangYuwasawonderfuldecision-maker.Note:Thephraserivaloptionsmeansthatbothoptionsseemlikegoodchoices,butonechoiceissomewhatbetterthantheother.Inthiscase,itistheonethatXiangYuchosetoimplement.2XiangYuwasaChineseimperialgeneralinthethirdcenturyBCwhotookhistroopsacrosstheZhangRiveronaraidintoenemyterritory.Tohistroops'astonishment,heorderedtheircookingpotscrushedandtheirsailingshipsburned.2项羽是公元前三世纪中国古代王朝的一位将军。他带领他的部队横渡漳河，突袭进入了敌方的领地。他下令砸锅烧船，令他的部队大为震惊。2XiangYuwasaChineseimperialgeneralinthethirdcenturyBCwhotookhistroopsacrosstheZhangRiveronaraidintoenemyterritory.(Para.2)Meaning:XiangYuwasanancientChinesegeneralinthethirdcenturyBC.HeledhistroopsacrosstheZhangRivertoattacktheenemyinitsterritory.3Tohistroops’astonishment,heorderedtheircookingpotscrushedandtheirsailingshipsburned.(Para.2)Meaningbeyondwords:Tomakesurehistroopswouldwinthebattlequickly,XiangYuorderedthesoldierstocrushtheircookingpotsandburntheirsailingboatsafterheledhistroopsacrosstheZhangRivertoattacktheenemy.Thisway,heclosedthedoorforretreatingfromtheenemy’sterritoryandsentoutaclearmessagetohismenthatthey辽东学院外国语学院大学英语系列教案新视野大学英语第三版读写教程第2册辽东学院外国语学院公共英语本科教学部Copyright2007-2016onlyhadtwochoices:towinthebattleordieinthebattle.However,hisdecisionwasobviouslyagainstnormalpractice,whichgreatlyshockedhistroops.3Heexplainedthathewasimposingonthemanecessityforattainingvictoryovertheiropponents.Whathesaidwassurelymotivating,butitwasn'treallyappreciatedbymanyofhisloyalsoldiersastheywatchedtheirvesselsgoupinflames.ButthegeniusofGeneralXiangYu'sconvictionwouldbevalidatedbothonthebattlefieldandinmodernsocialscienceresearch.GeneralXiangYuwasarareexceptiontothenorm,aveteranleaderwhowashighlyrespectedforhismanyconquestsandwhoachievedthesummitofsuccess.3他解释道，他强加给他们的是战胜对手的必要举措。他所说的无疑十分鼓舞士气，但当他那许多忠诚的士兵眼睁睁地看着他们的船只在火焰中被焚毁时，他们并不赞成他的做法。不过项羽将军的这种砸锅焚船的做法所显示出的天赋，在战场上和现代社会科学研究中都将得到肯定。项羽将军是一个罕见的不墨守成规的人，他是一位经验丰富的领袖，由于他征战无数并达到了成功的顶峰，他深受尊敬。4Heexplainedthathewasimposingonthemanecessityforattainingvictoryovertheiropponents.(Para.3)Meaningbeyondwords:Byhavingtheircookingpotscrushedandtheirsailingshipsburned,XiangYuputhistroopsinsuchadesperateconditionthattheywouldn’thaveanyhopetoescapebutfighttosurviveandeventuallywinthebattle.Inotherwords,XiangYugavehistroopsonlyoneoption.Usagenote:rival,opponentrival和opponent都可以用作名词，都可以表示“对手”，但两者有区别。1rival指在同一领域中为相同目标相竞争或相匹敌的对手。例如：TheUnitedStates’biggestrivalintechnologicaladvancementisJapan.在技术进步方面，美国最大的对手是日本。2opponent指在某次竞赛或某个场合直接面对的对手。例如：He’sthebestopponentI’vecomeacrossthisseason,agreatplayer.他是我本赛季遇到的最出色的对手，一位了不起的运动员。比较：TheLosAngelesLakers’biggestrivalistheBostonCeltics.洛杉矶湖人队最大的对手是波士顿凯尔特人队。（指湖人队一直与凯尔特人队在争高低，其竞争对手多年来一直是凯尔特人队。）TheLosAngelesLakers’opponentinthe2010NBAFinalsistheBostonCeltics.洛杉矶湖人队在2010年NBA总决赛中的对手是波士顿凯尔特人队。（指在2010年NBA决赛中湖人队的竞争对手是凯尔特人队。）辽东学院外国语学院大学英语系列教案新视野大学英语第三版读写教程第2册辽东学院外国语学院公共英语本科教学部Copyright2007-20163opponent不能用作动词，rival可用作动词，表示“竞争；与…相匹敌”。例如：Shipscan’trivalaircraftforspeed.轮船在速度方面无法与飞机匹敌。5Whathesaidwassurelymotivating,butitwasn’treallyappreciatedbymanyofhisloyalsoldiersastheywatchedtheirvesselsgoupinflames.(Para.3)Meaning:XiangYu’sorderofcrushingthecookingpotsandburningthesailingshipswasdefinitelyinspiringtohistroops,butitwashardlyvaluedbyhisfaithfulsoldiers,whowatchedtheirboatsburning.goupinflames:suddenlybeginburninginawaythatisdifficulttocontrol突然着火Thefactorywentupinflameslastnight.昨晚工厂突然着火了。6ButthegeniusofGeneralXiangYu’sconvictionwouldbevalidatedbothonthebattlefieldandinmodernsocialscienceresearch.(Para.3)Meaning:However,thehighlevelofintelligenceexpressedinhisstrongbeliefwouldprovetobecorrectonthebattlefieldaswellasinmodernsocialscienceresearch.Note:Thewordbattlefieldisacompoundword,whichisthecombinationoftwonouns:battleandfield.Therearemoreexamplesofthiskindofcompoundwords:armchair,bedtime,birdhouse,birthplace,bookstore,etc.Themeaningofmanywordsfromsuchacombinationiseasytoguess:battlefield—aplacewhereabattleisbeingfoughtorhasbeenfought.Forexample:Theycarriedthewoundedsoldiersfromthebattlefield.他们把伤员从战场上抬了下来。7GeneralXiangYuwasarareexceptiontothenorm,aveteranleaderwhowashighlyrespectedforhismanyconquestsandwhoachievedthesummitofsuccess.(Para.3)Meaning:WhatXiangYudidwasquitedifferentfromwhatwasusuallypracticed.Asanexperiencedleader,hewasverymuchrespectedbyhissoldiersforhismanyamazingaccomplishments,andhishighestlevelofsuccess.Note:Thewordnormmeans“theusualornormalsituation