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1过去分词作定语、表语、宾补和状语一、考点、热点回顾过去分词构成规则1、规则动词:规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词的过去式的构成规则相同。四点变化规则:(1)、一般动词,在词尾直接加“ed”。work---worked---worked,visit---visited---visited(2)、以“e”结尾的动词,只在词尾加“d”。live---lived---lived,(3)、以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词,将y变为i,再加“ed”。study---studied---studied,cry---cried---cried,(4)、重读闭音节结尾,末尾只有一个辅音字母,先双写该辅音字母,再加“ed”。stop---stopped---stopped,drop---dropped--dropped2、不规则动词,见课本P104。过去分词作定语定语是用来修饰、限定、说明名词或代词的品质与特征的。作定语的过去分词这叫分词形容词(theParticipleAdjective),实际上相当于一个单纯的形容词,除表示“完成”的动作之外,还表示“被动”的意义。单个的过去分词作定语时,位于它所修饰的名词或代词前面;abrokenheart一颗破碎的心spokenEnglish英语口语therisensun已经升起的太阳friedchips炸土豆条alostchild丢失的孩子cookedfood熟食eg:Myparentsarebothretiredteachers.我的父母都是退休教师。过去分词短语作定语时,位于它所修饰的名词或代词后面。anovelwrittenbyLuxunaschoolbuiltfororphanspeopleaddictedtodrugstheadvicegiventothepatienteg:Everybodyattendedthemeetingheldlastweek.所有人都参加了上周举行的会议。过去分词修饰something,everything,anything,nothing,somebody,nobody,those等不定代词时,也要放在这些词后面。eg:Heisoneofthoseinvited.Nothingreportedinthenewspaperinterestedhim.过去分词和现在分词在做定语时的区别:过去分词表示被动或完成;现在分词表示主动或进行。I.语态上现在分词:表示主动的动作过去分词:表示被动的动作eg:Heisthemanswimmingintheriverjustnow.HewasreadinganovelwrittenbyCharlesDickens.2II.时间上现在分词:表示正在进行过去分词:表示完成eg:eg:Iknowthepeoplebuildingthehousethere.(主动、进行)Thehousebeingbuiltoverthereisashop.(被动、正在建)Thehousebuiltoverthereisashop.(被动、已建好)Thehousetobebuiltoverthereisdesignedbyafamousarchitect.(被动、将来)练习(用publish的不同形式填空)Hisbook______________lastyearsellswell.Hisbook___________________nowwillbeonsalenextyear.Hisbook___________________nextyearwillbehisbestone.Thepress(出版社)_________________hisbookisfamousinthecity.(1)TsinghuaUniversity,in1911,ishometoagreatnumberofoutstandingfigures.A.foundB.foundingC.foundedD.tobefounded考查非谓语动词。句意为“建于1911年的清华大学培养了一大批杰出的人士。”TsinghuaUniversity与found之间存在着被动关系,founded过去分词表被动,表动作已完成,故选C。(2)Youcannotacceptanopinion________toyouunlessitisbasedonfacts.A.offeringB.toofferC.havingofferedD.offeredD句意:你不能接受什么观点,除非它以事实为基础。动词offer的逻辑主语就是opinion,opinion和动词offer构成逻辑上的被动关系,表被动,用过去分词。过去分词作表语表语常位于系动词之后,系动词除了be外,还有以下几类:1、感官系动词:look,sound,smell,taste,feel2、变化系动词:become,get,turn,grow,fall,go,come3、持续系动词:stay,keep,remain4、表象系动词:seem,appear,look5、终止系动词:turnout,prove(证明是,结果是)I.过去分词放在连系动词之后作表语,表示主语所处的状态。eg:Thedoorremainedlocked.Heseemedquitedelightedatthenews.II.过去分词用作表语时,其动作意味很弱,在功能上接近形容词的用法,被动语态强调的是动作。eg:Beprepared!大家准备好。(系表结构,强调主语所处的状态)Thebookwaswrittenbyasoldier.(被动语态,强调主语所承受的动作)III.与感觉有关的及物动词,其现在分词表示“令人…的”,多用来修饰物,过去分词作表语,表示“感到…的”,多用来修饰人。eg:surprising~surprisedexciting~excitedthefallingleavesthefallenleavesboilingwaterboiledwaterthedevelopingcountrythedevelopedcountry3disappointing~disappointedtiring~tiredamazing~amazedboring~boredrelaxing~relaxedpleasing~pleasedconfusing~confusedsatisfying~satisfieddepressing~depressedinspiring~inspiredamusing~amusedentertaining~entertained练习Pleaseremain______untiltheplanehascometoacompletestop.A.toseatB.tobeseatedC.seatingD.seated解析:D。remain连系动词后过去分词表示保持…的状态。女士们先生们,请做好直到飞机完全停下来。过去分词作宾语补足语在英语中有些及物动词,接了宾语意义仍不完整,还需要有1个其他的句子成分,来补充说明宾语的意义、状态等,称为宾语补足语,简称宾补,在英语中极为重要。接过去分词(短语)做宾语补足语的四类动词及特殊结构:1.感官动词:feel,see,hear,watch,smell,taste,notice,observe,find等+sth./sb.+done,表示“看到/听到/发现/感受到某事/某人被…”。eg:Whenthemanagercameback,hefoundallthedifficultproblemssettled.IoftenhearthesongsunginEnglishwhenIwasabroad.2表示“希望;要求”等意义的动词,表示“希望/要求某事/某人被...”:want,shouldlike,wouldlike/love,wish,order等+sb./sth.+done。eg:Themanagerdidn’twantsuchquestionsdiscussedatthemeeting.Thechairmanwishedthoseletterstypedassoonaspossible.3.使役动词:make,get,have,等+sth./sb.+done,表示“致使某事/某人被…”。eg:Ihadmytaprepaired.(=Iaskedsomeonetorepairthetap.)Iamgoingtothehospitalthisafternoonandhavemyeyesexamined.注意:have/getsth.done结构的三种不同的含义:(1)”请/让/叫别人(为自己做某事)”,强调主语的意志.(2)”受到;遭受”,表示一种经历.eg:Shehadherhousedamagedinthestorm.(=Somethingbadhadhappenedtoherhouse.)(3)”使完成某事”,此事可以是别人完成的也可以是自己参与的.eg:Shetoldmeshehadhadherhouserepaired.(=Shetoldmeherhousewasrepaired.)4.特殊结构:with/without+名词/代词+done结构,分词done做名词/代词的宾语补足语。eg:Doyouknowthegirlwithherhairtiedback?Theyleftwithoutaplateuntouched.区别:不及物动词的过去分词做宾补时,表示动作的完成,分词的动作发生在谓语动词之前;现在分词作宾补时,表示动作正在进行。eg:WhenIgothome,Ifoundmywalletgone.(gone”丢”的动作已经完成)WhenIcamehere,IsawLiLeireadinganEnglishbook.练习1.Itwasapitythatthegreatwriterdied_____hisworksunfinished.4A.forB.withC.fromD.of2.---“Didyouhaveanydifficultyintoday’shomework?”---“No,infactIfound__________.”A.itveryeasytodoB.itveryeasydoneC.veryeasyfordoingD.veryeasytodoit3.Thespeakerraisedhervoicebutstillcouldn’tmakeherself_______.A.hearB.hearingC.tohearD.heard4.MichaelputupapictureofYaoMingbesidethebedtokeephimself_____ofhisowndreams.(重庆2011)A.remindingB.toremindC.remindedD.remind[点拨]答案为C。keeponeselfremindedof...意为“使某人自己被提醒……”。过去分词作状语过去分词在句中作状语时,可表示时间,原因,条件,让步,伴随等。1.时间状语可在过去分词前加上连词when,while,until等来强调时间概念。Whenitisseenfromthehill,theparklooksverybeautiful.Don’tspeakuntilyouarespokento.2.原因状语Becausetheboywasgreatlytouchedbyhisteacher’swords,hedidalotofthingstohelphisclassmates.Becausehewassurprisedatwhathappened,Tomdidn’tknowwhattodo.3.条件状语Ifweweregivenmoretime,wecoulddoitmuchbetter.Ifitisheatedtoahightemperature,waterwillchangeinto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