高考定语从句第一讲

地位：在高中英语中的重要性主要体现在完形、阅读和写作中，因此，能否较好的掌握定语从句直接关系到高考英语成绩的拔高。高考---定语从句AttributiveClause•分值占比：约占40%•考查形式：单选、完形、阅读、任务型阅读、作文•易错点：1.混淆关系代词that和which2.混淆关系代词which和whose3.混淆关系代词which和as4.混淆关系代词与关系副词5.混淆定语从句与并列句、表语从句、状语从句、强调句型复习--定语从句基本概念•1.定语从句•2.先行词•3.关系词•4.定语从句分类定语从句•1.定义：修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的词之后。•2.先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。•3.关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。关系词有关系代词和关系副词:☆关系代词有that,which,who,whom,whose,as等；☆关系副词有when,where,why等关系词所指代的内容•关系代词：that,which,who,whom,whose,as•关系副词：when,where,why引导定语从句的关系词指代人指代事物所属关系指地点指时间指原因who，whom，thatwhich，that，aswhose，ofwhichwherewhenwhy关系代词关系副词解题三步骤：•1.确定先行词2.看看从句缺什么成分3.确定连接词★准确判断句子成分•主谓宾、定状补、同表。------8种成分Eg:1.Ilovethebooksinthelibrary.2.Shelooksbeautifulattoday’seveningparty.3.Myfriend,ahandsomeboy,isamiddleschoolstudent.4.Thestorythathemadeupyesterdaymademelaughing.定语从句分类•1.限制性定语从句：对被修饰的先行词有限定制约作用，使该词的含义更具体，更明确。限制性定语从句不能被省略，否则句意就不完整。•2.非限制性定语从句：非限定性定语从句起补充说明作用，缺少也不会影响全句的理解。在非限制性定语从句的前面往往有逗号隔开。eg:1.Isthereanythingthatyouwanted?2.Thisnovel,whichIhavereadthreetimes,isverytouching.1.Doyouhaveanything＿＿youwanttosayforyourself?2.Thisistheverybook＿＿Iamlookingfor.3.Thisisthebestaction＿＿hasbeenusedagainstpollution.4.Thistrainisthesecond＿＿willgotoSuzhou.Practice:在定语从句中,which和that在指代事物时,一般可以互换使用,但并非在任何情况下都是这样,这里介绍1.宜用that,而不宜用which的情况,2.宜用which,而不宜用that的情况.只用that，不用which(7种)a.当先行词是不定代词：all,much,little,none,something,everything,anything,nothing,theone（指物）时Doyouhaveanythingthatyouwanttosayforyourself?b.当先行词前面被thevery,theonly,thelast,thejust,thesame等词修饰时ThisistheverybookthatIamlookingfor.c.当先行词是最高级，序数词或者是被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时Thisisthebestactionthathasbeenusedagainstpollution.ThistrainisthesecondthatwillgotoSuzhou.d.当先行词既有人又有物时Doyouknowthethingsandpersonsthattheyaretalkingabout?e.当主句的主语是疑问词who或which时,以避免重复Whichisthebikethatyoulost?f.有两个定语从句时，其中一个关系代词已用了which,另一个宜用that,以避免重复Theysecretlybuiltupasmallfactorywhichproducedthingsthatcouldcausepollution.g.当关系词在定语从句中作表语时Chinaisnotthecountrythatitusedtobe.总结：只用that的情况a.当先行词是不定代词：all,much,little,none,something,everything,anything,nothing,theone（指物）时b.当先行词前面被thevery,theonly,thelast,thejust,thesame等词修饰时c.当先行词是最高级，序数词或者是被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时d.当先行词既有人又有物时e.当主句的主语是疑问词who或which时,以避免重复f.有两个定语从句时，其中一个关系代词已用了which,另一个宜用that,以避免重复g.当关系词在定语从句中作表语时宜用which而不宜用that的情况（4种）:1.在“介词＋关系代词”结构中，关系代词必须用which。如：Thehouseinwhichweliveisverylarge.Thisisthereferencebookofwhichtheteacherisspeaking.注意：如果介词不放在修饰事物的限定性定语从句的句首，which就可换为that。2.在非限制性定语从句中.1.Crusoe'sdog,whichwasarenowveryold,becameillanddied.2.MoreandmorepeoplearebeginningtolearnEnglish,whichisbecomingverypopularinourcountry.(which指代﹖)•3先行词本身是that,宜用which.What‘sthatwhichsheislookingat?4.theway作先行词的特殊情况：•Hedidn'tlikethewaythat(=inwhich)shespeakstohismother.总结：宜用which而不宜用that的情况:1.在“介词＋关系代词”结构中，关系代词必须用which。注意：如果介词不放在修饰事物的限定性定语从句的句首，which就可换为that。2.在非限制性定语从句中.3.先行词本身是that,宜用which.4.theway作先行词的特殊情况：Practice:1.OnthetrainIsawastudent_____Ithoughtwasyoursister.A.whoB.whomC.whichD.that2.Chinaisthecountry_____hespentthebestpartofhislife.A.whereB.whichC.inthatD.atwhich3.Hasall____canbedone______?A.what,doneB.that,beendoneC.that,bedoneD.what,alreadydone4.Itwasmanyyearsago_____ImetherinLondon.A.sinceB.whenC.thatD.which5.Itismanyyears_____wemetlastinLondon.A.sinceB.whenC.thatD.which6.Theyaskedhimtotellthemeverything_____hesawatthefront.A.whatB.thatC.whichD.where7.Isthisthemuseum_____youvisitedtheotherday?A.thatB.whereC.inwhichD.theone8.Theengineer_____myfatheristalkinghasjustcomefromabroad.A.withwhomB.withwhoC.withwhichD.that9.Thespeakerwilltellusaboutsomewritersandtheirworks_____areknowntous.A.whichB.thatC.asD.who10.Ididn’tliketheway_____shespoketome.A.whichB.thatC.howD.as