-动词时态和语态复习)

高考语法复习系列一动词时态和语态一.一般现在时1.一般用法:1〕表示现在经常性或习惯性的动作。时间状语:every…,sometimes,often,always.e.g.Heoften_______(go)tothecinema.2〕表示现在的能力、特征、职业等。e.g.He_______(sing)well.（能力）3〕表示客观真理、科学事实、格言等。e.g.Knowledge_____(be)power.（客观真理）goessingsis2.特别用法:1〕时间、条件、让步状语从句中,主将从现原则.e.g.IwillwritetoherwhenI_____(have)time.NexttimeI’lldoashe______(say).2〕表示按规定、时间表、计划或安排要发生的动作,用一般现在时表将来.e.g.Thetrain_______(leave)at12:00.havesaysleaves基本构成：主动语态：动词原形或v.-s/es(三.单)beleavesam/is/aree.g.He______(leave)earlyeverymorning.Sheisagoodgirland_______(study)hard.dodoeshavehasgogoesstudystudiesstudiesMyfather______(go)homelateeveryday.goese.g.Oh,I________(bite)byasnake.被动语态：am/is/are+doneambittenThechild_________(take)goodcareof.Manybooks_________(sell)inthebookstoreeveryyear.aresoldistakenWeoftencleanthetable.(变被动语态)二.一般过去时态（did式）:1.基本用法:1〕表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态.时间状语：yesterday,lastweek,anhourago,theotherday,in1982,justnow等e.g.He_______(buy)thecomputerfiveyearsago.2)表示过去经常性或习惯性的动作.e.g.Weoften_______(play)togetherwhenwewerechildren.注:表示过去习惯性的动作,可用would,usedto,e.g.Heusedtogotoworkbybus.boughtplayed2.特别用法:(了解)过去时表示现在，表示委婉语气:1)动词want,hope,wonder,think,intend等:e.g.Iwonderedifyoucouldhelpme.能不能帮我一下。2)情态动词could,would。e.g.Couldyoulendmeyourbike?能借用一下你的自行车吗？基本构成：主动语态：v-edbeleftwas/weree.g.He____(leave)earlyeverymorninglastyear.Myfather______(go)homelateyesterday.do/doeshave/hasgo/goesstudy/studiesstudiedWhenIwasyoung,I_______(study)hard.wentdidhadwentstudiedbuyboughte.g.He________(bite)byasnakejustnow.被动语态：was/were+donewasbittenWhenhewasachild,he_________(take)goodcareof.Manybooks_________(sell)inthebookstoretwoyearsago.weresoldwastakenShe__________(praise)byherteacher.waspraised三.一般将来时:1.will+动词原形表示纯粹的将来e.g.He__________(be)19yearsoldnextweek.e.g.–Youforgottoturnoffthelight.--Oh,soIdid.I__________(go)andturnitoff.e.g.Theradiosaysit__________(be)sunnytomorrow.willbewillgowillbe2.begoingto+动词原形（2种常见用法）1)强调打算计划做某事e.g.I________________(write)anovelnextyear.e.g.He______________(buy)abighousein2014.amgoingtowriteisgoingtobuy2)表示有迹象表明要发生...e.g.Lookattheclouds.Itlooksasifit_________________(rain).isgoingtorain3.be+todo常表示有义务应该做...e.g.Iworkasababy-sittersoI___________(take)goodcareofthebaby.amtotake有时也表示注定要...或打算...e.g.Yourplan_____________(be)afailure.istobee.g.We_______________(discuss)thereportnextSaturday.aretodiscuss4.beabouttodo...(when)正要做...的时候，正在那时发生了...e.g.I________________(go)outwhenthetelephonerang.wasabouttogo了解：beabouttodo不能与tomorrow,nextweek等表示明确将来的时间状语连用。e.g.Iwasabouttoexplain______sheinterruptedme.when被动语态结构：will+bedone将要被...e.g.Theproblem_______________(discuss)tomorrow.willbediscussede.g.Thework_________________(finish)nextSunday.willbefinished翻译1.上海位于中国东部。（liein）2.地球是圆的。3.她每天早上7点离开家去学校。4.地球围绕太阳转。5.他们想要好工作。6.这项工作我不满意。（satisfy）7.我喜欢古典音乐。1.ShanghailiesintheeastofChina.2.Theearthisround.3.Ileavehomeforschoolat7everymorning.4.Theearthmovesaroundthesun.5.Theywantgoodjobs.6.Thisworkdoesnotsatisfyme.7.Iloveclassicalmusic.8.太阳从东方升起在西方落下。9.比尔盖茨是世界上最富有的人。当他小的时候，他喜欢玩电脑游戏。10.他今天上午没上课。11.我昨天感到很累，因为我打篮球了。12.今天早上我迟到了。13.如果明天不下雨，我将去远足。14.十年后，我将会有一个快乐的家庭，过上幸福的生活。8.Thesunrisesintheeastandsetsinthewest.9.BillGatesistherichestmanintheworld.Whenhewasyoung,helikedtoplaycomputergames.10.Hedidn’thaveclassesthismorning.11.IfeltverytiredlastnightbecauseIplayedbasketball.12.Iwaslatethismorning.13.Ifitdoesn’traintomorrow,Iwillgohiking.14.Tenyearslater,Iwillhaveahappyfamilyandliveahappylife.15.我相信我们会成功的，只要我们努力。16.他打算明年夏天去国外。17.现在很多人说英语。（主动、被动）18.这扇窗户昨天被打破了。19.这项工作将于2015年完成。15.Ibelievewewillsucceedaslongasweworkhard.16.Heisgoingtogoabroadnextsummer.17.NowadaysmanypeoplespeakEnglish.Englishisspokenbymanypeoplenowadays.18.Thewindowwasbrokenyesterday.19.Theworkwillbefinishedin2015.高考题探究：1.Idon’tknowifhe_____.Ifhe_____,I’llletyouknow.A.willcome;willcomeB.comes;comesC.willcome;comesD.comes;willcomeC2.---Katehascomebackhomefromherlongholidaysabroad.---Oh,really?I_____.____visither.A.didn’tknow;I’llgoandB.don’tknow;I’llgoandC.don’tknow;I’mgoingtoD.didn’tknow;I’mgoingtoA3.—HaveyouknownDr.Jacksonforalongtime?—Yes,sinceshe____theChineseSociety.A.hasjoinedB.joinsC.hadjoinedD.joined4.Thewetweatherwillcontinuetomorrowwhenacoldfront______toarrive.A.isexpectedB.isexpectingC.expectsD.willbeexpectedDA5.Iftheweatherhadbeenbetter,wecouldhavehadapicnic.Butit____allday.A.rainedB.rainsC.hasrainedD.israining6.Iftheirmarketingplanssucceed,they____theirsalesby20percent.A.willincreaseB.havebeenincreasinC.haveincreasedD.wouldbeincreasingAA7.Johnpromisedhisdoctorhe___notsmoke,andhehasnotsmokedeversince.A.mightB.shouldC.couldD.would.8.—HaveyoureadbookcalledWaitingforAnya?—Who_______it?A.writesB.haswrittenC.wroteD.hadwrittenDC过去将来时常用在宾语从句中，表示过去的将来e.g.Shesaidshe___________(wait)forusatthetrainstation.wouldwaite.g.Theytoldusthatthetrees_______________(plant)soon.wouldbeplantedwould+dowould+bedone现在进行时:基本构成：am/is/are+doing基本用法：1.表示说话时正在发生的事情。e.g.We_____________(have)ameeting.arehaving2.表示现阶段正在进行的动作,说话时动作未必正在进行。（表示现阶段一直在…）e.g.He_____________(teach)inaschool.isteaching3.表示趋向性动词用现在进行时表将来.e.g.I____________(leave)tomorrow.aml