高中英语_Unit1_grammar不定式课件人教版选修7

动词不定式的句法功能Tohaveanicecreamiscool.Iwanttoseeyouthisevening.Allyoushoulddonowistoremembertoday’slesson.Iwantapentowritewith.Heloweredhisheadtosleep.Heaskedhispartnernottocopythehomework.主语宾语表语定语状语宾补想一想动词不定式的时态Hepretendstobeilltosleepinclass.一般式(todo)Hepretendstobelisteningwhenasked.进行式(tobedoing)不定式的一般式所表示的动作（状态）同时（或几乎同时）发生，或之后发生。如果谓语表示的动作（情况）发生时，不定式所表示的动作正在进行。Hepretendstohaveunderstoodthelesson.完成式（tohavedone)表示不定式动作发生在谓语动作之前。重点!Rememberthem!一、-ing形式与不定式的区别不定式一般表示某个一次性的、具体的、未做的动作；而-ing形式则表示习惯的（泛指的）动作或一件已知的事或经验。Gettingupearlyisagoodhabit.Tofinishtheworkinaweekisimpossible.二、不定式做主语，一般用it当形式主语，把作主语的不定式短语后置。但在下列句型中常用-ing形式作主语。Itisimpossibletofinishtheworkinaweek.Itis/wasnotanyuse/goodoflittleuse/gooduseless+doingsth.nouse/good若主语和表语都是非谓语动词,应保持形式上的一致。Seeingisbelieving.Toseeistobelieve.Itisnousecryingoverspiltmilk.Itisoflittlegoodstayinguptoolateeveryday.注意1)有些动词要求只接不定式作宾语：hopewishwantagreepromisedemandaskrefusemanagelearndecidepretendchoosefaildareofferhelp三个希望两答应两个要求莫拒绝做到学会作决定不要假装在选择没敢提出来帮助三、不定式和ing形式作宾语的区别2)有些动词只接ing作宾语,常见的有：resist、objectto、delay、lookforwardto、enjoy；mind、imagine、practise、suggest、appreciate.抗议推迟盼喜报，心想练成荐欣赏Beartheminyourmind!四、不带to的不定式作宾补三使letmakehave二听listentohear一感:feel四看watchseeobservenoticeIheardthemsingapopsong.Theteachermademeanswerthequestion.Wewatchedthemplayfootball.如果上述结构变为被动语态,不定式就由原来的宾语补足语变为主语补足语,此时动词(let,have无被动语态)后原来不带to的不定式要加to。如:Hewasseentogoupstairs.Hewasmadetodohiswork.Becareful!五、介词except/but之后接不定式时，如果介词前有实意动词do的各种形式则except/but后接不带to的不定式；反之，如果except/but前没有实意动词do，则不定式带to。Caihasnochoicebuttodothehomework.Caidoesnothingbutsleepeveryday.六、作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点工具等，不定式后面须有相应的介词。Heislookingforaroomtolivein.不定式所修饰的名词如果是time,place或way，不定式后面的介词习惯上要省去。Hehadnomoneyandnoplacetolive.七、something,anything,nothing,everything等复合不定代词常用不定式做后置定语。1)Haveyouanythingtosend?你有什么东西要寄吗？（不定式tosend的动作执行者是you）2)Haveyouanythingtobesent?你有什么要（我或别人）寄的东西吗？（不定式tobesent的动作执行者是已被省略的me或someoneelse）注意比较Totellthetruth,Iamnothappyatthemoment.八、独立结构•tobefrank,•tobehonest,•totellthetruth九、不定式的省略(1).不定式中的动词上文已出现过,下文要省略该动词.---Wouldyouliketogowithme?---I’dliketo.(2).不定式是tobe结构,be不可省.---Wouldyouliketobeateacher?---I’dliketobe.十、固定句型:1.hadbetter/hadbest+(not)dosth.2.Why(not)dosth.?3.…prefertodo/preferdoing4.…prefer+n./doingA+to+n./doingB5.…prefer+todoAratherthandoB6.…wouldrather(not)dosth.7.…wouldratherdoAthan(do)B8.…wouldrather+句子（过去式）（虚拟语气）要做……Useyourhead!1.Mywifesaidinherletterthatshewouldappreciate____fromyousometime.A.tohaveheardB.tohearC.forhearingD.hearing2.Robertissaid___abroad,butIdidn’tknowwhatcountryhestudiedin.A.tohavestudiedB.tobestudyingC.tostudyD.tohavebeenstudying3.InAustraliahemadealotoffriends______averypracticalknowledgeofEnglish.A.getB.gettingC.togetD.got4.Theyareconsidering____beforethepricesgoup.A.ofbuyingthehouseB.withbuyingthehouseC.buyingthehouseD.tobuythehouse5.Pauldoesn'thavetobemade____.Healwaysworkshard.A.studyB.tostudyC.studiedD.studying6.ThechildrentalkedsoloudlyatdinnertablethatIhadtostruggle______.A.tobeheardB.tohaveheardC.hearingD.beingheard（0.47）2007卷－97.Havingatripabroadiscertainlygoodfortheoldcouple,butitremains____whethertheywillenjoyit.A.toseeB.tobeseenC.seeingD.see8.ItissaidinAustraliathereismorelandthanthegovernmentknows____.A.itwhattodowithB.whattodowithitC.whattodoitwithD.todowhatwithit9.____lateintheafternoon,Bobturnedoffthealarm.A.TosleepB.SleepingC.SleepD.Havingsleep10.It’snecessarytobepreparedforajobinterview._________theanswersreadywillbeofgreathelp.A.TohavehadB.HavinghadC.HaveD.Having=TohaveThanks