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高中英语语法—句子的成分第四章句子结构及成分一.陈述句,疑问句,祈使句,感叹句..................................................................................................1二.简单句、并列句和复合句....................................................................................................................11)简单句:...................................................................................................................................................12)并列句:...................................................................................................................................................23)复合句:...................................................................................................................................................2考点:两个主谓结构时,要用连接词,变为并列句或复合句...............................................................3三.句子成分...............................................................................................................................................3四.简单句的五种基本结构.......................................................................................................................11基本句型一:SV(主+谓).............................................................................................................12基本句型二:SVP(主+系+表).............................................................................................12基本句型三:SVO(主+谓+宾).............................................................................................13基本句型四:SVoO(主+谓+间宾+直宾).......................................................................13基本句型五:SVOC(主+谓+宾+宾补)...........................................................................146.Therebe句型..........................................................................................................................................15练习:划分句子成分练习.........................................................................................................................16第四章句子结构及成分一.陈述句,疑问句,祈使句,感叹句句子按用途可分四种:1)陈述句(肯定、否定):Heissixyearsold;Shedidn’thearofyoubefore.2)疑问句(一般、特殊、选择、反意):Dotheylikeskating?Howoldishe?Ishesixorsevenyearsold?Marycanswim,can’tshe?3)祈使句:表示命令或者请求.又叫无主句,主语通常为you,省略.Becareful,boys;Don’ttalkinclass4)感叹句:how后面加上的是形容词副词.what后面加上的是名词.Howclevertheboyis!Whatacleverboyheis!二.简单句、并列句和复合句句子按结构可分为简单句、并列句和复合句。1)简单句:只有一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)。e.g.HeoftenreadsEnglishinthemorning.TomandMikeareAmericanboys.Shelikesdrawingandoftendrawspicturesforthewallnewspapers.(划线部分为并列谓语,只有一个主语,仍为简单句。)2)并列句:由并列连词(and,but,or等)或分号(;)把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起构成。要注意哟,逗号是不可以连接句子的,这一点和汉语不同.e.g.Youhelphimandhehelpsyou.Thefutureisbright;theroadistortuous.前途是光明的,道路是曲折的。1、表示连接两个同等概念,常用and,notonly…butalso…,neither…nor…,then等连接。e.g.Theteacher’snameisSmith,andthestudent’snameisJohn.2、表示选择,常用的连词有or,either…or…,otherwise等。e.g.Hurryup,oryou’llmissthetrain.3、表示转折,常用的连词有but,still,however,yet,while,when等。e.g.Hewasalittlemanwiththickglasses,buthehadastrangewayofmakinghisclasseslivelyandinteresting.4、表示因果关系,常用的连词有so,for,therefore等。e.g.Augustisthetimeoftheyearforriveharvest,soeverydayIworkfromdawnuntildark.3)复合句:复合句含有两个或两个以上主谓结构,其中一个主谓结构作另一个的成分。(而并列句的两个主谓结构间是并列关系,而不是从属关系)。复合句包含:名词性从句(主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句)、定语从句和状语从句等。当简单句的一个成分从词或词组变为句子时,整个句子就成为复合句了。1.Itiswrong.(只有一个主谓结构,是简单句)2.Whathesaidiswrong.(whathesaid,是一个主谓结构,he为主语,said为谓语,what是宾语。Whathesaidiswrong.是另外一个主谓结构。Whathesaid作主语,iswrong系表结构作谓语。因此,本句是复合句。Whathesaid是名词性从句作主语)。3.Theboyoverthereismybrother.(只有一个主谓结构,是简单句)4.Theboywhoiswearingahatismybrother.(Theboyismybrother.是一个主谓结构whoiswearingahat也是一个主谓结构,作了前一个主谓结构中主语theboy的定语。因此本句是复合句。)5.Iwasdoingmyhomeworkatsix.(只有一个主谓结构,是简单句)6.Iwasdoingmyhomeworkwhenhecamein.(Iwasdoingmyhomework是一个主谓结构,hecamein也是一个主谓结构。后面一个主谓结构作前一个的时间状语。因此是复合句。练习:判断下列句子是简单句、并列句还是复合句:1.WeoftenstudyChinesehistoryonFridayafternoon.2.TheboywhoofferedmehisseatiscalledTom.3.Thereisachairinthisroom,isn’tthere?4.MybrotherandIgotoschoolathalfpastseveninthemorningandcomebackhomeatsevenintheevening.5.HeisinClassOneandIaminClassTwo.6.Hewasfondofdrawingwhenhewasyetachild.7.Neitherhashechangedhismind,norwillhedoso.8.Whathesaidatthemeetingisveryimportant,isn’tit?9.Thefarmerisshowingtheboyhowtoplantatree.10.BothTomandJackenjoycountrymusic.11.RightnowitisthesummervacationandI'mhelpingmyDadonthefarm.12.Itisthetimeofyearforthericeharvest,soeverydayIworkfromdawnuntildark.13.Sometimeswegoonworkingafterdarkbythelightsofourtractors.14.WegrowriceinthesouthoftheStates,butinthenorthwhereitiscoldertheygrowwheat15.Althoughthefarmislarge,myDadhasonlytwomenworkingforhim.答案:1.简单句2.复合句,TheboyiscalledTom是一个主谓结构whoofferedmehisseat也是一个主谓结构,为定语从句,作前一个主谓结构中主语theboy的定语。3.简单句,反义疑问句4.简单句,mybrotherandI是并列主语,后面gotoschool和comeback为并列谓语,因此也只有一个主谓结构。5.并列句6.含有时间状语从句的复合句。7.并列句8.复合句,whathesaid也是一个主谓结构,名词性从句作主语。9.简单句,只有一个主谓结构。10.简单句,前面为并列主语。11.and连接的并列句12.由so连接的并列句13.简单句14.but连接前后为并列句,但后面又是一个含有定语从句的复合句。15.含有让步状语从句的复合句。考点:两个主谓结构时,要用连接词,变为并列句或复合句一个句子如果出现两个主谓结构,那它就不是简单句了,要么是并列句,要么是复合句。是并列句时要有and,so,but,等并列连词或用分号。是复合句时也要有连接词。总之,只用逗号而不用连接词简单的把两个主谓结构连接到一起的句子是错误的。如:IlikeEnglish,myEnglishisverygood.×IlikeEnglishandmyEnglish
本文标题:高中英语语法--句子的成分
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