高中英语语法专题--定语从句

TheAttributiveClause定语从句定语从句定语从句在句中起定语作用，修饰某一名词或代词。定语从句三要素：先行词，关系代词和关系副词，从句。关系代词有who、whom、whose、that，which、as。关系副词有where、when、why。定语从句分为两类：限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。定语从句分为两类：限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。①限制限定，不用逗号分开.②非限制性定语从句对先行词作附加说明，关系不密切，主句与从句之间用逗号分开,不能用that连接,指物只用whichThisisthehouse(that/which/省略)weboughtlastmonth.Thishouse,whichweboughtlastmonth,isverynice.关系代词关系副词起连接作用，本身又作从句中的主语、宾语、表语或定语(whose)起连接作用，本身又在从句中作时间、地点或原因状语who,whom(…的人）whose(某人\物的…）that(…的人或物，指物或人）which(…东西，指物)as(象…那样的，和…相同，正如)when(…的时候，修饰的时间名词)where(…的地方修饰场所、方位等名词)why(…原因；…理由)who(主语和宾语)whom(宾语)that（主语和宾语）Whose(定语）which(主语和宾语)that(主语和宾语)Whose（定语）代表人代表物定语从句中关系代词的使用1.who/whom/that/which作宾语可省略2.介词＋whom/which,不能用who/that,且不能省略Isthisthelibraryfromwhichyouborrowbooks?Theman(whom/who/that)IspoketoisMr.Li.Thisisthemountain(that/which)Itoldyouabout.ThemantowhomIspokeisProfessorLi.介词+关系代词1.指人:_____指物:______2.选择恰当的介词whomwhichFillintheblankswithproperprepositions:1.Thestudent________whomweweretalkingjustnowisthebeststudentinourclass.2.I’llneverforgettheday_____whichshesaidgood-byetome.3.I’llneverforgetthedays____whichweworkedtogether4.Whocangivemethereason______whichhehasn’tarrivedyet?5.Idon’tliketheway______whichhegivesthespeech..aboutonforinin/不填6.Thescientist,_____whommyfatherworked,wentabroadlastweek.7.There’sabigwindowinmyroom_____whichIcanseetherailwaystation.8.Villagersheredependonthefishingindustry,_____whichtherewon’tbemuchwork..1.Thisisall____Iknowaboutthematter.A.thatB.whatC.whoD.whether2.Isthereanythingelse_____youwant?A.whichB.thatC.whoD.what3.Thelastplace_____wevisitedwastheGreatWall.A.whichB.thatC.whereD.it4.Pleasetakethesecondchair_______isoverthere.A.whereB.whichC.whoD.that5.Isoxygentheonlygas_helpsfireburn?A.thatB./C.whichD.it6.Finally,thethiefhandedeverything_____hehadstolentothepolice.A.whichB.whatC.whateverD.thatthat和which在指物的情况下一般都可以互换,但在下列情况下,一般用that而不用which。Iamsureshehassomething(that)youcanborrow.I’vereadallthebooksthatarenotmine.Thisisthefirstbook(that)hehasread.Thisistheverybookthatbelongstohim.(1)先行词为all,everything,nothing,something,anything,little,much等不定代词时。(2)先行词被all,every,no,some,any,little,much等修饰时。(3)先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时。(4)先行词被theonly,thevery,thelast修饰时。Itisthebestbook(that)Ihaveeverread.（5）先行词既有人又有物时，这个定语从句只用that,而不用who(whom)和which引导。Hetalkedabouttheteachersandschoolsthathehadvisited.（6）先行词是疑问词who,which,what时，定语从句只用that,而不用who,(whom)和which引导。Whoisthepersonthatisstandingatthegate?Whichisthebikethatyoulost?Whichofusthatknowssomethingaboutphysicsdoesnotknowthis?(7)两个定从,第一个用which,第二个用thatTheybuiltupasmallfactorywhichproducedthingsthatcouldcausepollution.关系副词When______状语Where______状语Why______状语时间地点原因(一般情况)可以与介词+关系代词替换1.Haveyouvisitedthehouse______thefamouswriterwasborn.A.inthatB.whereC.whenD.onwhich2.Doyoustillremembertheday________wefirstmet?A.thatB.onthatC.whereD.when3.Ishallneverforgetthosedays_____Ispentinthecountrywiththefarmers。A.that.B.when.C.inwhich.D.when.5.Thisisthehouse____Iworkedtwoyearsago.Thisisthehouse____Ivisitedtwoyearsago.6.Thefilmbroughtthehoursbacktome____Iwastakengoodcareofinthatfar-awayvillage.A.untilB.thatC.whenD.where7.Thereason___hewasabsentisthathehasbeenill.8.Thereason___hetoldmeisthathehasbeenill.9.Thereason___heexplainedtomeisthathehasbeenill.10.Idon’tknowthereason____youwereabsentfromthemeeting,andIamnotsurethatsomeonewilltellmethereason____youhaven’ttoldme.限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。1.Themanwhocamehereyesterdayhascomeagain.2.Helivesinanothertown,whichisonlyaboutanhour’sridefromhere.3.Soontheyarrivedatafarmhouse,infrontofwhichsatasmallboy.4.Hehasasonwho/thatworksinHongKong.5..Hehasason,whoworksinHongKong.as和which引导非限制性定语从句的区别。as引导的定语从句可位于句首或句末；which引导的定语从句却不能位于句首。Asisknowntoall,TaiwanisapartofChina.Hewaslateforschool,asoftenhappened.对这两个词作如下归纳：1、如果定语放主句后，可用as也可以用which.Hefailedtopasstheexam,as(=which)isnatural.Grammarisnotadeadrule,which(=as)Ihavesaidbefore.2、如果从句在主句前，这时要用as而不用which引导定语从句。•Asweallknow,hisparentswerekilledinthewar.只用as的情况①句首时②表示“正如,正像”时asweknow/asisknowntoall,asweexpected/asisexpected,asissaid/mentionedabove/pointedout,asitis/asoftenhappens,asanybobycansee,③thesame…as与thesame…that④such…as与such….that⑤such作代词既做先行词“这样的人或物”ThisbookisnotsuchasIexpect.如果从句的内容对主句内容起着消极作用，或者说导致的结果，则用which.译作“这一点”Hecheatedmuchmoneyofhisfriend,whichwasverydisgraceful.Hecamebacklate,whichmadehismotherworried.Good-bye!