花园城市理论-英文

SchoolofEnvironmentandPlanning01Background02ThethoeryofGardencity03ThecommentofGardencity04ConclusionContentⅠ.Background•In1898,socialreformerEbenezerHowardpromulgatedaschemetobuildnewtownsratherthanaddpopulationtothealreadylargecities,calledthegardencityplan.SirEbenezerHoward(1850-1928)AnineteenthcenturyBritishsocialreformer•InspiredbytheutopiannovelLookingBackwardandHenryGeorge'sworkProgressandPoverty,HowardpublishedhisbookTo-morrow:aPeacefulPathtoRealReformin1898(whichwasreissuedin1902asGardenCitiesofTo-morrow).Ⅱ.ThetheoryofGardenCity•ThegardencitymovementisamethodofurbanplanningthatwasinitiatedbySirEbenezerHowardintheUnitedKingdom.•Gardencitieswereintendedtobeplanned,self-containedcommunitiessurroundedbygreenbelts,containingproportionateareasofresidences,industry,andagriculture.•Newcity•Centralcity&towns•Tohouse32000peopleonasiteof6000acres(24sqkm)•Self-sufficienti.e.socially,economicallyandenvironmenttallysustainable.•Beinterconnectedthroughamasstransitsystem•Dividedbygreenbelts•Servedbyintegratedtrafficsystems•Howard'smapsareclearlydiagrammaticandintendedasflexibleframeworks,adjustabletoparticularsites,withinwhichindividualtasteandpreferencecouldbegivenfreeexpression,especiallyinarchitectureanddesign.Town•School•opportunity•Placeofamusement•betterjob•Closingoutofnature•Crowdeddwellings•Pollution•HighlivingcostCountry•Beautyofnature•Isolationofcrowds•Nopollution•Lacksocialopportunity•Lackofplacesofamusement•lessjobopportunity•Lowsalary•AsHowardpicturedit,“eachinhabitantofthewholegroup,thoughinonesenselivinginatownofsmallsize,wouldbeinrealitylivingin,andwouldenjoyalltheadvantagesofagreatandmostbeautifulcity;andyetallthefreshdelightsofthecountry.”Ⅲ.CommentsofHoward'stheory•Howard’sideashavebeenregardedashighlyadvancedforhistime.•Understandingofthegardencitythusrequirescloseconsiderationofurbanandruralconditionsandoftheperceptionsofsocialissuesbythereformersofthattime.•Asapropositionabouturban-ruralstructure,thetheoryofHoward'sgardencityhasimportantinfluencesofar.Ⅳ.ConclusionUrbangreenspacesystemdominatedbygreenplantsissignificantformaintainingurbanenvironment,improvinglifequalityofcitizens,protectingbiodiversity,ormaintainingecosystemstability,anditisanimportantinfrastructureforrealizingsustainabledevelopmentofthecity.Thankyou!