中考英语名词讲解与练习

名词表示人、事物、地方、现象或抽象概念等的名称的词。知识梳理：提纲挈领，抓住重点和难点！一、名词的分类名词类别意义例词专有名词表示具体的人名、事物、国家、地名、机构、团体等的专有名称Jim,China,Qingdao,theUK,theGreatWall普通名词可数名词个体名词表示单个人的人或事物girl,student,factory,desk,cat,country集合名词表示一群人或一些事物的总称people,police,team,clothes,group,crew不可数名词物质名词表示无法分为个体的物质water,ice,pork,cheese,cotton,broccoli抽象名词表示抽象概念的词fun,healthy,happiness,courage,love,care注：1.专有名词是指人、地方、团体、机构等特有的名称。第一个字母必须大写。专有名词前一般不加冠词。2、有普通名词构成的专有名词前要用定冠词“the”，但它不大写。3、有些不可数名词有时表示为具体的东西时，则变为可数名词，而且以四上也有了变化。eg.beer（）----abeer（），work（）---awork（）glass（）---aglass（），room（）---aroom（）二、名词的数：表示可以计算数目的人或物称为可数名词。1、可数名词有单、复数两种形式：可数名词的单数形式要在名词前加“a或an”；复数形式是在名词后加“-s或-es”。名词复数形式有规则变化和不规则变化两种，规则变化及其读音可依照下表：当名词为：词尾变化读音例词一般情况加s在清辅音后读/s/chips,jeeps,pats,clocks在浊辅音或元音后读/z/boys,sharpeners,sofas,drawers以s,x,ch,sh结尾的单词加es/iz/watches,boxes,classes,brushes以字母o结尾的单词加s或es/z/zoos,photos,bamboos,tomatoes,potatoes,heroes,以辅音字母+y结尾的单词去y变i加es/z/dictionaries,strawberries,以f或fe结尾的单词去f或fe变v加es/vz/leaves,wives,halves以th结尾的词加s/ðz/;/θz/mouths,paths;months,deaths2.可数名词复数的不规则变化①改变单数名词中的元音字母eg.man--men,woman—women,tooth—teeth,foot—feet,goose—geese,mouse--mice②单复数同形eg.Chinese-Chinese,deer-deer,fish-fish,sheep-sheep,…③由man和woman构成的合成词,每个名词都要变复数eg.amandoctor—mendoctors,awomanteacher--womenteachers注意:有些名词表示一种物体具有不可分割的相同的两部分,在使用时只有复数形式eg.trousers,clothes,glasses,shorts,scissors,etc;有些名词从形式上看是复数,实际上是单数(其后的谓语动词要用单数).eg.maths,phyiscs,politics,news3.不可数名词：表示不能计算数目的人或物，称为不可数名词。他们前面不能用a/an,没有复数形式。物质名词和抽象名词都属于不可数名词。不可数名词一般只有单数形式,但有其特殊用法:(1)同一个词,变成复数形式,意义不同。eg.food食物---foods（），time时间---times（），green绿色---greens青菜(2)有些不可数名词用复数代指具体的事物eg.hope---hopes希望hardship---hardships艰苦(3)物质名词在表示数量时,常用某个量词+of来表示eg.acupoftea,sevenpiecesofbread,severalbagsofrice,…三、名词的所有格名词的所有格是表示名词之间的所有关系,有两种表示形式,一种是在名词后+’s；另一种是用of,表示“……的”。1.(1)一般词的所有格,直接在词尾+’s。eg.Mr.Mott’srobot,children’sclothes(2)以s结尾的名词所有格只在词尾+’eg.teachers’books(3)两人共有的物体,则在第二个名词后+’s;如果分别是两人所有,则在每个名词后面+’s。eg.LucyandLily’sroom.(指)MrsGreen’sandMrsBrown’sson.(指)(4)表示某具体场所时,所有格后面的名词可省略eg.thedoctor’s(office)Mr.White’s2.(1)没有生命的事物一般用of短语来表示所属关系。eg.thewalloftheclassroom，apictureofthebedroom，(2)名词的的定语较长时,有生命的事物也可用of短语表示。eg.alongstoryofa50-year-oldman(4)双重所有格eg.thebignoseofTom’s____________________；他的一个朋友________________________(5)有些表示时间、距离、国家、城市等无生命的东西的名词，也可以加’s来构成所有格。eg.tenminutes’walk,today’snewspaper例题解析：举一反三，学的更轻松！1.Theygotmuch_____fromthosenewbooks.A.ideasB.photosC.newsD.stories2.Ihavetwo_______andthreebottlesof_________here.A.orange,orangeB.oranges,orangesC.oranges,orangeD.orange,oranges3.EveryeveningMr.Kingtakesa_________tohishome.A.25minutes’walkB.25minute’swalkC.25minutewalkD.25minuteswalk4.Anold_______wantstoseeyou.A.peopleB.personC.thepeopleD.theperson5.Helpyourselfto__________.A.chickensandapplesB.chickensandappleC.chickenandappleD.chickenandapples6.Oh,dear.Iforgotthetwo_________.A.room’snumberB.rooms’numberC.roomnumbersD.rooms’numbers7.ShehasbeeninTianjinfortenyears.Tianjinhasbecomehersecond_________.A.familyB.houseC.homeD.room8.________motherscouldn’tgotothemeeting,becausetheyhavegonetoShanghai.A.MaryandPeter’sB.MaryandPeterC.Mary’sandPeterD.Mary’sandPeter’s9.LiLeihasbeento__________manytimesthismonth.A.heruncleB.heruncle’sC.herunclesD.aunt’s10.Heisasuccessasaleaderbuthehasn’t________inteaching.A.manyexperiencesB.muchexperienceC.anexperienceD.alotexperience11.Aclassmateof_________washeretenminutesago.A.youB.yourC.yoursisterD.yoursister’s12.Agroupof_________aretalkingwithtwo___________.A.Frenchmen,GermansB.Germans,FrenchmansC.Frenchmans,GermenD.Germen,Frenchmen13.Theteam________havingameeting.A.isB.areC.amD.be14.“Wouldyoulike_________?”“________,please.”A.drink,ThreecoffeesB.acupofdrink,CoffeesC.adrink,AcoffeeD.adrink,Threecupsofcoffees15.TheGreatWallwasmadenotonlyby_______,butalsothefleshandbloodof________men.A.earthandstone,millionsofB.earthsandstones,millionsC.theearthandstone,millionofD.theearthsandstones,millions练习与巩固：熟能生巧，取得好成绩！选择最佳答案：1．Lastnight,therewasafoodaccident.The_______wereill,butno_______werelost.A.child,livesB.children,lifeC.children,livesD.child,life2.---Thisisaphotoof_________whentheywereyoung.---OK,howhappytheybothlooked!A.myfatherandmotherB.mymotherandfather'sC.mymother'sandfather'sD.myfather'sandmymother3.Thenewstudentisin__________,GradeTwo.A.ClassThirdB.ThirdClassC.ClassThreeD.Threeclass4.TodayisSeptember10th.It's__________Day.Let'sgoandbuysomeflowersforourteachers.A.TeachersB.Teachers'C.theTeachers'D.Teacher's5.Themarketisn'tfarfromhere.It'sonly_________bicycleride.A.halfanhours'B.halfanhour'sC.halfanhourD.anhourandahalf6.---Whatwouldyouliketodrink,girls?---_________,please.A.TwocupofcoffeeB.TwocupsofcoffeC.TwocupsofcoffeeD.Twocupsofcoffees7.DuringChristmas,peoplegettogetherandsingChristmassongsfor_________.A.funB.wishesC.interestD.thanks8.Some_________areflyingkitesneartheriver.A.childB.boyC.boysD.childs9.Aftertheexam,we'llhave________holiday.A.twoweeksB.two-weeksC.twoweeks'D.twoweek's10.Theyarethose_________bags.Pleaseputthemonthebus.A.visitorB.visitorsC.visitor'sD.visitors'11.---Howmanyworkersarethereinyourfactory?---Therearetwo_____