公开课课件--被动语态

被动语态语法专项•英语动词有两种语态，主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者•Theywillbuildanewbridgeovertheriver.(主动)•Anewbridgewillbebuiltovertheriver.(被动)•汉语中常用“被”、“给”、“由”、“受”等词用来表示被动，而英语用：助动词be+及物动词的过去分词构成。一般现在时：一般过去时：一般将来时：过去将来时：现在进行时：过去进行时：现在完成时：过去完成时：［注］被动语态没有将来进行时和过去将来进行时。am/is/are+donewas/were+doneshall/will+bedoneshould/would+bedoneam/is/are+being+donewas/were+being+donehave/has+been+donehad+been+done(二)各种时态下的被动语态结构：be+过去分词时态变化主要体现在be的变化上，以do为例，列表如下：1.一般现在时SimplePresent1.人人都喜欢她。2.她受人人喜欢。1.Everyonelikesher.2.She________byeveryone.isliked2.一般过去时Simplepast1.狗咬了他。2.他被狗咬了。1.Adogbithim.2.He_________byadog.wasbitten1.河上将建一座桥。2.如果你违反法律，你就会受到惩罚。1.Abridge____________overtheriver.2.Ifyoubreakthelaw,you_____________.willwillbepunishedbebuilt3.一般将来时4.现在完成时1.BP机(beepers)已经被手机所取代。2.这件事已经被遗忘了。1.Beepers_________________bymobilephones.2.Thismatter_________________.havehasbeenreplacedbeenforgotten5.现在进行时的被动语态1.Astrangerisfollowingthegirl.Thegirl______________byastranger.isbeingfollowed2.Theyarebuildingabridgeovertheriver.Abridge____________overtheriver(bythem).isbeingbuilt6.含情态动词的被动语态1.Parentsshouldallowchildrentochoosetheirclothes.(改为被动语态)Childrentochoosetheirclothes.2.Thebikecan(mend)intwodays.shouldbeallowedbemended被动语态的使用1.当不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者时，常用被动语态，这时往往不用by短语。•“Mr.White,thecupwithmixturewasbrokenafterclass.”•(只是告诉老师杯子坏了，不知是谁弄坏的，或不想说出谁弄坏的)。2.突出或强调动作的承受者，如果需要说出动作的执行者，用by短语。•TheserecordsweremadebyJohnDenver.•ThecupwasbrokenbyPaul.主动语态变被动语态的方法（1）Myauntinvitedmetoherdinnerparty.主语谓语宾语→Iwasinvited(bymyaunt)toherdinnerparty.主语谓语宾语1.把主动语态的宾语变成被动语态的主语。2.把主动语态的谓语变成被动语态的be+过去分词，时态要与原句保持一致。用被动语态改换下列各句：1.Myfatherwillrepairmybikeforme.Mybikewillberepairedbymyfatherforme.2.Ihavefoundmywallet.Mywallethasbeenfound.3.Shetoldmetowaithereforher.Iwastoldtowaithereforher.Theirclassroomisbeingcleanedbythestudentsnow.4.Youmustn’ttakethosebooksoutofthereading-room.Thosebooksmustn’tbetakenoutofthereading-room.5.Thestudentsarecleaningtheirclassroomnow.6.Hegavemeapresent.Iwasgivenapresent.Apresentwasgiventome.7.Motheroftentellsherchildrenastoryatbedtime.Childrenareoftentoldastoryatbedtimebymother.Astoryisoftentoldbymothertochildrenatbedtime.be+PP被动语态的基本结构:有各种时态的变化考点一:[1].NowEnglish____bymoreandmorepeopleallovertheword.A.speaksB.isspokenC.wasspoken一般现在时的被动语态：am/is/are+PP[2].Thelostboy____atthestreetcornerlastnight.A.wasfoundB.isfoundC.waslookedfor一般过去时的被动语态：was/were+PP[3].Moreman-madesatellites____inthefuture.A.willsendupB.willbesentupC.aresentup一般将来时的被动语态：will+be+PPbegoingto+be+PP[4].Threebridges____sincelastyear.A.havebuiltB.werebuiltC.havebeenbuilt现在完成时的被动语态：have/has+been+PP[5].Flowers____everyday.A.hasbeenwateredB.shouldbewateredC.shouldwater含有情态动词的被动语态：情态动词+be+PP[6]---DidShirleyholdthepartyinhernewhouse?---No,It_____.A.hasbeenpaintedB.wasbeingpaintedC.isbeingpaintedD.painted现在进行时和过去进行时的被动语态：is/am/are/was/were+being+done考点二:被动语态中的特殊情况:[6].①Goodmedicine___bittertothemouth.A.tastesB.istastedC.taste②Thispen___well.A.issoldB.sellC.sells感官类系动词taste,sound,feel,smell,look等和sell,drive,read,wash,lock,open等动词用主动语态表被动.[7].Manypeople___duringtheearthquakeinMay,2008.A.werediedB.deadC.diedbelongto,happen,takeplace,comeout,last,die等不及物动词不使用被动.Greatchanges_________inthepastfewyears.A.tookplaceB.wastakenplaceC.hastakenplaceD.hasbeentakenplaceWeknewthewriterwhosebooks_______lastyear.(出版）cameout[9].Childrenshould___.A.takegoodcareofB.betakengoodcareC.betakengoodcareof固定短语的被动不要丢掉后面的介词或副词Theoldshould_____________politely.A.speakB.speaktoC.bespokenB.bespokento[10].Yourdesk___.A.needsrepairB.needsrepairingC.needstorepairneed,want,require,deserve等动词可以用-ing形式表示被动needtobedone=needdoingdeservetobedone=deservedoing1.Heputhishandonthesurfaceofthestone.It_____cold.A.feltB.leftC.isfeltD.feels2.Insomepartsoftheworld,tea____withmilkandsugar.A.isservingB.isservedC.servesD.served3.Thenewdictionariesareveryuseful.They____welland_______already.A.sell,havebeensoldoutB.sold,hadsoldoutC.sell,selloutD.aresold,havebeensoldout4.Thetrain____arriveat11:30,butitwasanhourlate.A.wasabouttoB.waslikelytoC.wassupposedtoD.wascertainto5.Thisdictionarymustn’t____fromthelibrary.A.takeawayB.takenawayC.aretakenawayD.betakenaway6.Myshoes____.Iwentoutforanewpair.A.iswornoutB.woreoutC.werewornoffD.werewornout7.Thatkindofshirts__cotton.A.ismadefromB.aremadefromC.ismadeofD.aremadeof8.Rice___inSouthChina.A.growingB.isgrownC.aregrownD.isgrow9.Allthepreparationsforthetask______,andwe’rereadytostart.A.completedB.completeC.hadbeencompletedD.havebeencompleted10.Someofthehotelsinmyhometown_______.A.havenowbeenrebuildingB.arenowrebuildingC.arenowbeingrebuiltD.arerebuiltnow