正文内文献引用的APA格式要求

1附件4：正文内文献引用的APA格式要求（1）一件作品或多件作品的引用：Ithasbeenarguedthatteachers’roleistoprovidethestudentswithoptimalconditionswhichcanfacilitatelearningsothatstudentscanachievesimilarsuccessfulresults(Bloom,1976,pp.12-16).Gagne(1977,pp.38-41)alsonoticedthatadultlearnerswerelessaffectedbyexternalinstructionevents.Theadvantageofthemultipleregressionanalysisisthatitcannotshowthecomplexinterrelationsbetweenindependentvariables(Bryman&Crammer,1990,pp.135-139).Studiesofthegoodlanguagelearner(forexample,Naiman,Frohlich,Stern,andTodesco,1978,pp.49-52)havetriedtoidentifythestrategieswhichsuccessfullearnersuse(firstcitation)(Ellis,1994,p.37).Naimanetal.(1978,pp.49-52)foundasimilarrelationship,althoughinthiscase‘effort’onthepartofthelearnerswasalsoassociatedwithinstrumentalmotivation(subsequentcitation)(Ellis,1994,p.512).（2）同一括号里多件作品的引用：Empiricalstudiesonstudentlearningcarriedoutsincethe70’shavefoundthatstudents’learningoutcomestoagreatextentdependontheirchoiceoflearningapproaches(Biggs,1979,1987).Themajorfindingfromtheearlierstudies(Barley,1969,1970;Clementetal.,1978;Gardner&Lambert,1972;Gliksman,1976;Spolsky,1969)wasthatlearnerswithanintegrativemotivationtendedtoobtainbetterachievementthatthosewithaninstrumentalmotivation.（注意引用作品的排序）（请认真对照附件6）2附件5：正文内文献引用的MLA格式要求（1）一件作品或多件作品的引用：Ithasbeenarguedthatteachers’roleistoprovidethestudentswithoptimalconditionswhichcanfacilitatelearningsothatstudentscanachievesimilarsuccessfulresults(Bloom12-6).Gagne(38-41)alsonoticedthatadultlearnerswerelessaffectedbyexternalinstructionevents.Theadvantageofthemultipleregressionanalysisisthatitcannotshowthecomplexinterrelationsbetweenindependentvariables(BrymanandCrammer135-9).Studiesofthegoodlanguagelearner(forexample,Naimanetal.49-52)havetriedtoidentifythestrategieswhichsuccessfullearnersuse(Ellis37).Naimanetal.(49-52)foundasimilarrelationship,althoughinthiscase‘effort’onthepartofthelearnerswasalsoassociatedwithinstrumentalmotivation(Ellis512).（注意：MLA格式不加年代，只加作者姓和页码，没有逗号）（2）同一括号里多件作品的引用：Empiricalstudiesonstudentlearningcarriedoutsincethe70’shavefoundthatstudents’learningoutcomestoagreatextentdependontheirchoiceoflearningapproaches(Biggs,EmpiricalStudies;LearningStrategies).（注意：这里的下划线表示作者的两篇不同作品，我们现在统一用斜体代替下划线）Themajorfindingfromtheearlierstudies(Barley;Clementetal.;Gardner&Lambert;Gliksman;Spolsky)wasthatlearnerswithanintegrativemotivationtendedtoobtainbetterachievementthatthosewithaninstrumentalmotivation.（注意引用作品的排序）InTheAgeofVoltaire,theDurantsportrayeighteenthcenturyEnglandasaminorforceintheworldofmusicandart(214-48).（注意：文内已出现作者名，括号里就只要加页码）（请认真对照附件7）3附件６：参考文献APA格式要求按先英文后中文排序；字号比正文小一号打印；标点统一用半角状态；标点后统一空一格（汉语文献与英语文献类同，见下面示例）；书目格式按APA格式排列，但英文书名用斜体析出，不必用下划线析出。现将主要参文献条目排列要求举例如下，以供参考：１．专著、论文集、学位论文、研究报告：作者.（出版年）.文献题名(pp.起止页码).出版地:出版者.如：Dancygier,B.(1998).Conditionalsandprediction:Time,knowledge,andcausationinconditionalconstructions(pp.56-89).Cambridge:CambridgeUniversityPress.Fauconnier,G.,&Sweetser,E.(1996).Spaces,worlds,andgrammar.Chicago:UniversityofChicagoPress.Iwanska,L.(1996).Towardaformalaccountofcontext-dependencyandunderspecificityofnaturallanguage.PapergivenatAAAISymposiumonComputationalImplicature.Berkeley:BerkeleyLinguisticsSociety.Roulet,E.etal.(Eds.).(1985).L’articulationdudiscoursenfrancaiscontemporain.Berne:PeterLang.Sweetser,E.(1996).Mentalspaceandthegrammarofconditionalconstruction.InG.Fauconnier&E.Sweetser(Eds.).Space,worlds,andgrammar(pp.318-333).Chicago&London:UniversityofChicagoPress.Welker,K.(1994).Plansinthecommonground:Towardagenerativeaccountofimplicature.UnpublishedDoctoraldissertation,OhioStateUniversity.２．期刊文章：作者.(出版年).文献题名.期刊名称,期,起止页码.如：徐盛桓.(2004a).充分条件的语用嬗变.外国语,38(3),11-19.徐盛桓.(2004b).逻辑与实据—英语IF条件句研究的一种理论框架.现代外语,28(4),331-339.３．报纸文章：文献作者.(出版日期).文献题名.报纸名.版次.如：谢希德.(1998).创造学习的新思路.人民日报.25Dec.pp.10.（汉语参考书目可使用12-25,pp.10）４．网上文献：作者.(发表日期).文件名.出版信息（如电子期刊名、或出版名称）.登陆查看日期.网址.McCracken,E.(1997).Desiderata.Boldtype[On-line].7May,1997.Available:（注意：有两个时间，前者是作品发表时间，后者是参考者登陆时间。）Seaman,D.(Ed.).(n.d.).Theelectronictextcenter.AldermanLib.,UofVirginia[On-line].14Feb.1997.Available:（n.d.表示nodate，即时间不清）Coates,S.(1996).Adeadlanguagecomestolifeontheinternet[On-line].NewYorkTimesontheWeb.20.Apr.1997.Available:(1910).Pensees.Trans.W.F.Trotter.[On-line].29Apr.1997.Available:gopher://gopher.vt.edu:10010/02/130/1Cacicedo,Al.(n.d.).Privateparts:PreliminarynotesforanessayongenderidentityinShakespeare.Workingpaper.[On-line].27Aug.1997.Available:（这里发表时间无，可省略）5.编著、译著、文学作品、字典及其他辞海.(1999).上海:上海辞书出版社.多利莫尔.(2001).莎士比亚：文化唯物主义与新历史主义.王逢振.2000年新译西方文论选(pp.237-238).桂林:漓江出版社.莎士比亚.(1989).莎士比亚全集.朱生豪译.北京:人民文学出版社.芝诺•科西多夫斯基.(1992).新约的传说.张会森译.哈尔滨:黑龙江人民出版社.4附件7：参考文献MLA格式要求按先英文后中文排序；字号比正文小一号打印；标点统一用半角状态；标点后统一空一格（汉语文献与英语文献类同，见下面示例）；书目格式按MLA格式排列，但英文书名用斜体析出，不必用下划线析出。现将主要参文献条目排列要求举例如下，以供参考：１．专著、论文集、学位论文、研究报告：作者.文献题名.出版地:出版者,出版年,起止页码（如文内已列明