定语从句与同位语从句的区别

Revisionoftherelativeadverbs:therelativeadverbsreferringtofunctionintheclausewhen(=at/in/onwhich)where(=in/atwhich)why(=forwhich)timeadverbialoftimeplaceadverbialofplacereasonadverbialofreason1.Iknowthereason____hecamelateforclass.2.Doyouknowtheoldlady,______sonwenttocollegelastyear?3.Thehouse_____colorisredisjohn’s.whywhosewhosePractice:completethesentenceswithsuitablerelatives.4.Thisisthebestfilm____I’veeverseen.5.That’sthetown______heworkedin1987.6.Ihave2brothers,____arebothsoldiers.thatwherewho7.Istillremembermychildhood,_____Ihadagoodtimewithmanyfriends.8.I’vetried2pairsofshoes,neitherof______fitsmewell.whenwhich定语从句与同位语从句的区别一、从词类上区别同位语从句前面的名词只能是idea,fact,news,hope,belief,suggestion,proposal,word,thought,doubt,truth,possibility,promise,order等表示抽象意义的名词。而定语从句的先行词可以是名词、代词、主句的一部分或整个主句。如：Wearelookingintothequestionwhetherheisworthtrusting.我们正在调查的是他是否值得信赖的问题。Wordcamethathehadgoneabroad.据说他已经出国了。（同位语从句）（同位语从句）Thedoctorwhomyouarelookingforisintheroom.你找的那位医生在房间里面。Ourteamhaswonthegame,whichmakesusveryhappy.（定语从句，名词thedoctor作先行词）(定语从句，which代表前面提到的整个句子)Hismotherdidallshecouldtohelphimwithhisstudy.他妈妈尽最大努力帮他学习。（定语从句，代词all作先行词）二、从性质上区别定语从句是从句对其先行词的修饰或限制，属于形容词性从句的范畴；而同位语从句是从句对前面抽象名词的进一步说明和解释，属于名词性从句的范畴。如：Thenewsthatourteamhaswonthegameistrue.我们队赢了那场比赛的消息是真的。（同位语从句，补充说明news的内容。）Thenews(that)hetoldmeyesterdayistrue.昨天他告诉我的那个消息是真的。ImadeapromisethatifanyonesetmefreeIwouldmakehimveryrich.我许诺如果谁让我自由，我就让他非常富有。(定语从句，that从句作定语修饰news)(同位语从句，补充说明promise)Themothermadeapromisethatpleasedallherchildren.妈妈做出了一个令她的孩子们高兴的许诺。(定语从句，that从句作定语修饰promise)三、从引导词及其在句子中的成份上区别有些引导词如how,whether,what可以引导同位语从句，但不能引导定语从句。如:Thatquestionwhetherweneedithasnotbeenconsidered.我们是否需要它这个问题还没有考虑。（同位语从句）引导词that引导定语从句时，在从句中一般作主语或宾语（指物时还可以用which代替），并且作宾语时常常省略。That在同位语从句中仅起连接作用，不充当任何成份，并且不能省略，也不能用which来代替。Theorderthatwe(should)sendafewpeopletohelptheothergroupswasreceivedyesterday.我们应派几个人去帮助别的几个小组的命令昨天已收到了。（同位语从句，是对order的具体解释，that虽不作成份，但不能省略）Theorder(that)wereceivedyesterdaywasthatwe(should)sendafewpeopletohelptheothergroups.我们昨天收到的命令是我们应该派几个人去帮助别的几个小组。（定语从句，是名词order的修饰语，that在从句中作received的宾语，可以省略）1.Alongwiththeletterwashispromise___hewouldvisitmethiscomingChristmas.A.whichB.thatC.whatD.whether从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。2.Luckily,we’dbroughtaroadmapwithout___wewouldhavelostourway.A.itB.thatC.thisD.which3.Thereisanewprobleminvolvedinthepopularityofprivatecars___roadconditionsneed_____.A.that;tobeimprovedB.which;tobeimprovedC.where;improvingD.when;improving5.Informationhasbeenputforward____moremiddleschoolgraduateswillbeadmittedintouniversities.A.whileB.thatC.whenD.as6.Thefactcameup___specificspeechsoundsarerecognizedbybabiesasyoungas6monthsold.A.whatB.whichC.thatD.whose7.Adecisionwasmade____thosewhowantedtogetajobinthefactorywouldnotbeallowedtostay.A.whatB.whenC.whichD.that8.Thequestioncameupatthemeeting____wehadenoughmoneyforourresearch.A.thatB.whatC.whichD.whether9.Thereason____heislateis____therewasabreakdownontherailway.A.why;whyB.why;thatC.because;thatD.that;because定语从句与强调句型的区别强调句型的句式结构为：“Itis/was+被强调部分+that/who从句”。在强调时间、地点、原因或方式状语时，一律用that，而不用when,why或how；在强调主语和宾语时，如果主语和宾语指代人，则可用who和whom来代替that,但是从句中的人称和数要与被强调的主语和宾语保持一致。这些都容易与定语从句混淆。定语从句和强调句型的判断方法：若将句中的“Itis/was”和“that/who”去掉，而句子不缺成分，结构完整，说明原句是强调句型；若句子结构不完整，则说明原句为定语从句。1.Itwasnotuntil1920____regularradiobroadcastsbegan.(1995高考卷)A.whileB.whichC.thatD.since2.____washiskindnessthateveryonepraisedhim.A.ItB.WhatC.SoD.Such3.Itistheabilitytodothejob____mattersnotwhereyoucomefromorwhatyouare.(2000高考卷)A.oneB.thatC.whatD.it4.Itwas____hecametoMacao____heknewwhatkindofplaceitwas.A.that;whenB.until;thatC.notuntil;whenD.notuntil;that5.____isafactthatEnglishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguage.A.ThereB.ThisC.ThatD.It6.Itwasnotuntilwecamebackfromoutside____outofhisbed.A.didhegetB.whenhegotC.thathegotD.thenhegot7.Whenwasit____youmethiminthelibrary?A.whereB.thatC.inwhichD.which8.Itwasneartheplace____thereisabomb____wefoundthedeadman.A.where;whereB.where;thatC.that;whereD.that;that定语从句中的主谓一致1、当关系代词作从句的主语时，那么从句的谓语必须与先行词保持一致。e.g.LastSundaywevisitedafarmwhichislocatedinthesuburbsofHangzhou.Thosewhoarepresentatthemeetingarealllawyers.2、oneof+名词后面的定语从句谓语用复数；the(only)one+名词后面的定语从句谓语用单数。e.g.JackisoneofthejournalistswhoknowRussianbuttheonlyonewhoknowsFrenchinourNewsAgency.3、主语是I，时态是一般现在时，谓语be动词用am.e.g.I,whoamyourclosefriend,willofferyouaroomforfree1.Rightnow,inthispoorarea,_____thehomelesschildrenneedisenoughfood.A.allwhatB.allthatC.onlywhatD.onlythatBChoosethebestanswer.2.Theprofessortalkedwithusaboutthebeautifulcampusandfriendlyteachers____theyvisitedintheUSAlastweek.A.whichB.thatC.whoD.whomB3.Isthisfactory_____someAmericanfriendspaidavisittolastweek?A.thatB.whereC.inwhichD.theoneD4.Heoftenhelpsthestudents____hethinksarenotgoodattheirlessons.A.whomB.whoC.whenD.becauseB5.Ishallneverforgetthoseyears_____Ilivedinthecountrywiththefarmers,_______hasagreateffectonmylife.A.that;whichB.when;whichC.which;thatD.when;thatB6.Dr.Smithisamanofgreatpatience,____muchcanbelearned.A.whoB.fromwhichC.fromwhoD.fromwhomD7.Hewasveryrudetothecustom