英语国家概况 第四课 爱尔兰概况 The Republic of Ireland

AnIntroductiontoEnglish-SpeakingCountries英语国家概括张学力QQ：1772708276邮箱:[e-mail]ize:70,280sqkPopulation:4,156,000Urbanization:65%GDP:204,164MUSD(42ed)GDP/capital:38,816USD(12nd)NationalSymbolsofIrelandGreen:CatholicIrishmenWhite:ProtestantIrishmenOrange:friendshipbetweenCatholicsandProtestantsBlue:SeaandSkyAngelHarpNationalFlagNationalEmblemNationalAnthem歌曲：影音文件歌词：Word文档GeographicalFeaturesThecoastofIrelandmostlyconsistsofcliffs,hillsandlowmountains,whiletheinteriorofthecountryisrelativelyflatplain.TheHighestPeakinIrelandCarrantuohillCarrantuohillinthecountyofKerryisthehighestpeakinIreland,risingto1,041metersabovesealevel.CarrantuohillTheLongestRiverinIrelandtheShannonRiver香农河TheShannonRiver（370km）dividesthewestoftheislandofIrelandfromtheeastandsouth.ClimateinIrelandTheRepublicofIrelandhasatemperatemaritimeclimatewithexcessiverainfall.PeopleinIreland•ThepopulationofIrelandin2008is6.2million（approx.1.8millionabroad）.•ThepeopleinIrelandismainlyofCelticorigin.•Irelandhasalonghistoryofemigration.LanguagesinIrelandTheIrishandEnglisharetwoofficiallanguages.•IrishisthefirstofficiallanguageaccordingtotheConstitution.•Englishisbyfarthepredominantlanguagespokenthroughoutthecountry.ReligionIrelandhasoneofthehighestratesofchurchattendanceintheworld.Irelandhasoneofthelowestdivorceratesintheworld.History•EarlyHistory•ProcesstowardIndependence•RepublicofIrelandEarlyHistory•EarlySettlers•TheCelts•TheComingofChristianity•IrelandasPartofBritainEarlySettlers•7000BCMesolithicormiddleStoneAgeHunter-gatherersfromBritain•3000BCNeolithicornewStoneAgeFarmersraisinganimalsandcultivatingsoil•2000-1200BCBronzeAgeProspectorsandmetalworkersTheCeltsInthe6thcenturyBC,theCeltictribesinvadedIrelandandestablishedaunifiedIrishcultureandlanguage.TheComingofChristianityChristianitywasintroducedintoIrelandbySaintPatrickin432.IrelandbecameacenteroflearningandChristianculture.IrelandasPartofBritain•TheNormansinvadedIrelandinthe10thcentury.•In1541,HenryⅧdeclaredhimselfKingofIreland.•In1800,theActofUnioncreatedtheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandIreland.ProcesstowardIndependence•EasterUprisingof1916•IrishWarofIndependence(1919-1921)•TheAnglo-IrishTreatyof1921•IrishCivilWar(1922-1923)EasterUprisingof1916In1916,theIrishrebelledagainstBritishruleonEaster.Theactualrevoltresultedindefeat,however,therebelswereregardedasheroestothecauseofIrishFreedom.SinnFeinSinnFeinwasfoundedin1905byArthurGriffith.ThepartystronglyopposedBritishruleandfoughtforself-government.AftertheEasterRebellionof1916,SinnFeinwonmajorityseatsallottedtoIrelandintheBritishParliament.IrishWarofIndependenceIn1919,theSinnFeinrefusedtotaketheirseatsintheBritishParliamentandproclaimedanindependentIrishRepublic.1919-1921,IrishWarofIndependencewasfoughtbetweentheIrishRepublicanArmy(IRA)andtheBritishgovernment.TheAnglo-IrishTreatyin1921•26countiesinthesouthgainedindependenceasIrishFreeState.•6countiesinthenorthremainedaspartoftheUnitedKingdom.IrishCivilWarThedivergencebetweenthepro-treatyandanti-treatyfactionsresultedinabloodyIrishCivilWar(28June1922–24May1923).RepublicofIrelandIn1949,Irelanddeclareditselfarepublic,completelyindependentofBritainandnolongeramemberoftheCommonwealthofNations.RepublicofIrelandIn1949,Irelanddeclareditselfarepublic,completelyindependentofBritainandnolongeramemberoftheCommonwealthofNations.RepublicofIrelandPresidentofIreland,whoservesasheadofstate,iselectedforaseven-yeartermandcanbere-electedonlyonce.MaryMcAleese1997-2011PoliticalLeadersEndaKennyTaoiseachsince9th,Mar2011BrianCowentookofficeon7May2008,FiannaFáilpartyIrishNobelLiteraryLaureatesW.B.Yeats(1865-1939)G.BernardShaw(1856-1950)SamuelBeckett(1906-1989)SeamusHeaney(1839-)BeautifulLandscapeSceneriesMakesIrelandanAttractionforFilm-ShootingKingArthurBraveHeartTheWindThatShakestheBarleySavingPrivateRynnQuietManOnceP.S.IloveyouBecomingJanetheCountofMonteCristoFarandAwayLeapYearMovieRecommendedTheWindthatShakestheBarley•WinnerofthePALMED'ORatthe2006CannesFilmFestival.Ireland